RĠPD (GDPR)
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Artikolu 89. Salvagwardji u derogi relatati mal-ipproċessar għal finijiet ta' arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta' statistika
Artikolu 89 RĠPD (GDPR). Salvagwardji u derogi relatati mal-ipproċessar għal finijiet ta' arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta' statistika
Article 89 GDPR. Safeguards and derogations relating to processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes
1. L-ipproċessar għal finijiet ta’ arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta’ riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta’ statistika, għandu jkun soġġett għal salvagwardji xierqa, f’konformità ma’ dan ir-Regolament, għad-drittijiet u l-libertajiet tas-suġġett tad-data. Dawk is-salvagwardji għandhom jiżguraw li jkunu fis-seħħ miżuri tekniċi u organizzattivi b’mod partikolari sabiex jiġi żgurat ir-rispett tal-prinċipju ta’ minimizzazzjoni tad-data. Dawk il-miżuri jistgħu jinkludu psewdonimizzazzjoni, sakemm dawk il-finijiet jistgħu jiġu sodisfatti b’dak il-mod. Fejn dawk il-finijiet jistgħu jiġu sodisfatti bi pproċessar ulterjuri li ma jippermettix jew ma għadux jippermetti l-identifikazzjoni ta’ suġġetti tad-data dawk il-finijiet għandhom jiġu sodisfatti b’dak il-mod.
1. Processing for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes, shall be subject to appropriate safeguards, in accordance with this Regulation, for the rights and freedoms of the data subject. Those safeguards shall ensure that technical and organisational measures are in place in particular in order to ensure respect for the principle of data minimisation. Those measures may include pseudonymisation provided that those purposes can be fulfilled in that manner. Where those purposes can be fulfilled by further processing which does not permit or no longer permits the identification of data subjects, those purposes shall be fulfilled in that manner.
2. Fejn data personali tiġi pproċessata għal finijiet ta’ riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew finijiet ta’ statistika, il-liġi tal-Unjoni jew ta’ Stat Membru tista’ tipprevedi derogi mid-drittijiet imsemmija fl-Artikoli 15, 16, 18 u 21 soġġett għall-kondizzjonijiet u s-salvagwardji msemmija fil-paragrafu 1 ta’ dan l-Artikolu sa fejn tali drittijiet x’aktarx jagħmlu impossibbli jew ifixklu serjament il-ksib tal-finijiet speċifiċi, u tali derogi jkunu meħtieġa għall-issodisfar ta’ dawk il-finijiet.
2. Where personal data are processed for scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes, Union or Member State law may provide for derogations from the rights referred to in Articles 15, 16, 18 and 21 subject to the conditions and safeguards referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article in so far as such rights are likely to render impossible or seriously impair the achievement of the specific purposes, and such derogations are necessary for the fulfilment of those purposes.
3. Fejn data personali tiġi pproċessata għal finijiet ta’ arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, il-liġi tal-Unjoni jew ta’ Stat Membru tista’ tipprevedi derogi mid-drittijiet imsemmija fl-Artikoli 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21 soġġett għall-kondizzjonijiet u s-salvagwardji msemmija fil-paragrafu 1 ta’ dan l-Artikolu sa fejn tali drittijiet x’aktarx jagħmlu impossibbli jew ifixklu serjament il-ksib tal-finijiet speċifiċi, u tali derogi jkunu meħtieġa għat-twettiq ta’ dawk il-finijiet.
3. Where personal data are processed for archiving purposes in the public interest, Union or Member State law may provide for derogations from the rights referred to in Articles 15, 16, 18, 19, 20 and 21 subject to the conditions and safeguards referred to in paragraph 1 of this Article in so far as such rights are likely to render impossible or seriously impair the achievement of the specific purposes, and such derogations are necessary for the fulfilment of those purposes.
4. Fejn l-ipproċessar imsemmi fil-paragrafi 2 u 3 jservi fl-istess ħin fini ieħor, id-derogi għandhom japplikaw biss għall-ipproċessar għall-finijiet imsemmija f’dawk il-paragrafi.
4. Where processing referred to in paragraphs 2 and 3 serves at the same time another purpose, the derogations shall apply only to processing for the purposes referred to in those paragraphs.
Regolament Ġenerali dwar il-Protezzjoni tad-Data (RĠPD, GDPR)
General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
The latest consolidated version of the Regulation with corrections by Corrigendum, OJ L 127, 23.5.2018, p. 2 ((EU) 2016/679). Source: EUR-lex.
Kummentarju
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Ħalli kumment
(156) L-ipproċessar ta' data personali għal finijiet ta' arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta' statistika għandu jkun soġġett għal salvagwardji xierqa għad-drittijiet u l-libertajiet tas-suġġett tad-data skont dan ir-Regolament. Dawk is-salvagwardji għandhom jiżguraw li jkunu fis-seħħ il-miżuri tekniċi u ta' organizzazzjoni sabiex jiġi żgurat, b'mod partikolari, il-prinċipju tal-minimizzazzjoni tad-data. L-ipproċessar ulterjuri ta' data personali għal finijiet ta' arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta' statistika għandu jitwettaq fejn il-kontrollur ikun evalwa l-fattibbiltà li jissodisfa dawk il-finijiet bl-ipproċessar ta' data personali li ma jippermettux jew ma jibqgħux jippermettu l-identifikazzjoni tas-suġġetti tad-data, dment li jeżistu salvagwardji xierqa (bħal, pereżempju, il-psewdonimizzazzjoni tad-data). L-Istati Membri għandhom jipprevedu salvagwardji xierqa għall-ipproċessar ta' data personali għal finijiet ta' arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta' statistika. L-Istati Membri għandhom ikunu awtorizzati jipprovdu, taħt kundizzjonijiet speċifiċi u soġġetti għal salvagwardji xierqa għas-suġġetti tad-data, speċifikazzjonijiet u derogi fir-rigward ta' rekwiżiti ta' informazzjoni u drittijiet għar-rettifika, jew għat-tħassir,, li jintesew, għar-restrizzjoni tal-ipproċessar, ta' portabbiltà tad-data, u għall-oġġezzjoni meta tkun qed tiġi pproċessata data personali għal finijiet ta' arkivjar fl-interess pubbliku, għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika jew storika jew għal finijiet ta' statistika. Il-kundizzjonijiet u s-salvagwardji inkwistjoni jistgħu jinvolvu proċeduri speċifiċi għas-suġġetti tad-data biex jeżerċitaw dawk id-drittijiet jekk dan ikun xieraq fid-dawl tal-finijiet imfittxija mill-ipproċessar speċifiku flimkien ma' miżuri tekniċi u organizzattivi mmirati biex jimminimizzaw l-ipproċessar tad-data personali skont il-prinċipji ta' proporzjonalità u neċessità. L-ipproċessar ta' data personali għal finijiet xjentifiċi għandu jikkonforma wkoll ma' leġiżlazzjoni rilevanti oħra bħal provi kliniċi.
(156) The processing of personal data for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes should be subject to appropriate safeguards for the rights and freedoms of the data subject pursuant to this Regulation. Those safeguards should ensure that technical and organisational measures are in place in order to ensure, in particular, the principle of data minimisation. The further processing of personal data for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes is to be carried out when the controller has assessed the feasibility to fulfil those purposes by processing data which do not permit or no longer permit the identification of data subjects, provided that appropriate safeguards exist (such as, for instance, pseudonymisation of the data). Member States should provide for appropriate safeguards for the processing of personal data for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes. Member States should be authorised to provide, under specific conditions and subject to appropriate safeguards for data subjects, specifications and derogations with regard to the information requirements and rights to rectification, to erasure, to be forgotten, to restriction of processing, to data portability, and to object when processing personal data for archiving purposes in the public interest, scientific or historical research purposes or statistical purposes. The conditions and safeguards in question may entail specific procedures for data subjects to exercise those rights if this is appropriate in the light of the purposes sought by the specific processing along with technical and organisational measures aimed at minimising the processing of personal data in pursuance of the proportionality and necessity principles. The processing of personal data for scientific purposes should also comply with other relevant legislation such as on clinical trials.
(157) Bl-abbinar ta' informazzjoni minn reġistri, ir-riċerkaturi jistgħu jiksbu għarfien ġdid ta' valur kbir fir-rigward ta' kundizzjonijiet mediċi mifruxin bħal mard kardjovaskulari, il-kanċer u d-dipressjoni. Fuq il-bażi ta' reġistri, ir-riżultati tar-riċerka jistgħu jissaħħew, peress li huma jibbażaw fuq popolazzjoni akbar. Fix-xjenza soċjali, ir-riċerka fuq il-bażi tar-reġistri tippermetti lir-riċerkaturi jiksbu l-għarfien essenzjali dwar il-korrelazzjoni fit-tul ta' għadd ta' kundizzjonijiet soċjali bħall--qgħad u l-edukazzjoni, ma' kundizzjonijiet oħra tal-ħajja. Ir-riżultati tar-riċerka miksuba permezz ta' reġistri jipprovdu għarfien solidu u ta' kwalità għolja, li jistgħu jservu ta' bażi għall-formulazzjoni u l-implimentazzjoni ta' politika bbażata fuq l-għarfien, itejbu l-kwalità tal-ħajja għal għadd ta' persuni, u jtejbu l-effiċjenza tas-servizzi soċjali. Sabiex jiffaċilita r-riċerka xjentifika, id-data personali tista' tiġi pproċessata għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika soġġett għal kundizzjonijiet xierqa u s-salvagwardji stabbiliti fil-liġi tal-Unjoni jew fil-liġi tal-Istat Membru.
(157) By coupling information from registries, researchers can obtain new knowledge of great value with regard to widespread medical conditions such as cardiovascular disease, cancer and depression. On the basis of registries, research results can be enhanced, as they draw on a larger population. Within social science, research on the basis of registries enables researchers to obtain essential knowledge about the long-term correlation of a number of social conditions such as unemployment and education with other life conditions. Research results obtained through registries provide solid, high-quality knowledge which can provide the basis for the formulation and implementation of knowledge-based policy, improve the quality of life for a number of people and improve the efficiency of social services. In order to facilitate scientific research, personal data can be processed for scientific research purposes, subject to appropriate conditions and safeguards set out in Union or Member State law.
(158) Fejn id-data personali tiġi pproċessata għal finijiet ta' arkivjar, dan ir-Regolament għandu japplika wkoll għal dak l-ipproċessar, b'kont meħud li dan ir-Regolament ma għandux japplika għal data ta' persuni deċeduti. L-awtoritajiet pubbliċi jew il-korpi pubbliċi jew privati li jżommu reġistri ta' interess pubbliku għandhom ikunu servizzi li, skont il-liġi tal-Unjoni jew ta' Stat Membru, ikollhom obbligu legali biex jiksbu, iżommu, jivvalutaw, jagħmlu arranġamenti, jiddeskrivu, jikkomunikaw, jippromwovu, ixerrdu u jipprovdu aċċess għar-reġistri ta' valur fit-tul għall-interess pubbliku inġenerali. L-Istati Membri għandhom ukoll ikunu awtorizzati jipprevedu li data personali tista' tkun ipproċessata ulterjorment għal finijiet ta' arkivjar, pereżempju bil-ħsieb li jipprovdu informazzjoni speċifika relatata mal-imġiba politika taħt reġimi fi stati totalitarji preċedenti, ma' ġenoċidju, ma' delitti kontra l-umanità, b'mod partikolari l-Olokawst, jew ma' delitti tal-gwerra.
(158) Where personal data are processed for archiving purposes, this Regulation should also apply to that processing, bearing in mind that this Regulation should not apply to deceased persons. Public authorities or public or private bodies that hold records of public interest should be services which, pursuant to Union or Member State law, have a legal obligation to acquire, preserve, appraise, arrange, describe, communicate, promote, disseminate and provide access to records of enduring value for general public interest. Member States should also be authorised to provide for the further processing of personal data for archiving purposes, for example with a view to providing specific information related to the political behaviour under former totalitarian state regimes, genocide, crimes against humanity, in particular the Holocaust, or war crimes.
(159) Fejn data personali tiġi pproċessata għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika, dan ir-Regolament għandu japplika wkoll għal dak l-ipproċessar. Għall-finijiet ta' dan ir-Regolament, l-ipproċessar tad-data personali għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika għandu jkun interpretat b'mod wiesa' li jinkludi pereżempju l-iżvilupp teknoloġiku u d-dimostrazzjoni, ir-riċerka fundamentali, ir-riċerka applikata u r-riċerka ffinanzjata privatament u barra minn hekk għandu jieħu kont tal-objettiv tal-Unjoni skont l-Artikolu 179(1) tat-TFUE li tinkiseb Żona Ewropea tar-Riċerka. Finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika għandhom jinkludu wkoll studji mwettqa fl-interess pubbliku fil-qasam tas-saħħa pubblika. Biex jintlaħqu l-ispeċifiċitajiet tal-ipproċessar ta' data personali għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika, għandhom japplikaw kundizzjonijiet speċifiċi b'mod partikolari rigward il-pubblikazzjoni jew inkella l-iżvelar ta' data personali fil-kuntest ta' finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika. Jekk ir-riżultat ta' riċerka xjentifika b'mod partikolari fil-kuntest tas-saħħa jagħti raġuni għal aktar miżuri fl-interess tas-suġġett tad-data, ir-regoli ġenerali ta' dan ir-Regolament għandhom japplikaw fid-dawl ta' dawk il-miżuri.
(159) Where personal data are processed for scientific research purposes, this Regulation should also apply to that processing. For the purposes of this Regulation, the processing of personal data for scientific research purposes should be interpreted in a broad manner including for example technological development and demonstration, fundamental research, applied research and privately funded research. In addition, it should take into account the Union's objective under Article 179(1) TFEU of achieving a European Research Area. Scientific research purposes should also include studies conducted in the public interest in the area of public health. To meet the specificities of processing personal data for scientific research purposes, specific conditions should apply in particular as regards the publication or otherwise disclosure of personal data in the context of scientific research purposes. If the result of scientific research in particular in the health context gives reason for further measures in the interest of the data subject, the general rules of this Regulation should apply in view of those measures.
(160) Fejn data personali tiġi pproċessata għal finijiet ta' riċerka storika, dan ir-Regolament għandu japplika wkoll għal dak l-ipproċessar. Dan għandu jinkludi wkoll riċerka storika u riċerka għal finijiet ġenealoġiċi, b'kont meħud li dan ir-Regolament ma għandux japplika għal persuni deċeduti.
(160) Where personal data are processed for historical research purposes, this Regulation should also apply to that processing. This should also include historical research and research for genealogical purposes, bearing in mind that this Regulation should not apply to deceased persons.
(161) Għall-finijiet ta' kunsens għall-parteċipazzjoni f'attivitajiet ta' riċerka xjentifika fi provi kliniċi għandhom japplikaw id-dispożizzjonijiet rilevanti tar-Regolament (UE) Nru 536/2014 tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill (15).
(161) For the purpose of consenting to the participation in scientific research activities in clinical trials, the relevant provisions of Regulation (EU) No 536/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council [15] should apply.
(15) Regolament (UE) Nru 536/2014 tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill tas-16 ta' April 2014 dwar il-provi kliniċi fuq prodotti mediċinali għall-użu mill-bniedem, u li jħassar id-Direttiva 2001/20/KE (ĠU L 158 27.5.2014, p. 1). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:2014:158:TOC
[15] Regulation (EU) No 536/2014 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 16 April 2014 on clinical trials on medicinal products for human use, and repealing Directive 2001/20/EC (OJ L 158, 27.5.2014, p. 1). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:2014:158:TOC
(162) Fejn tiġi pproċessata data personali għal finijiet ta' statistika, dan ir-Regolament għandu japplika wkoll għal dak l-ipproċessar. Il-liġi tal-Unjoni jew il-liġi tal-Istat Membru għandha, fil-limiti ta' dan ir-Regolament, tiddetermina l-kontenut tal-istatistika, il-kontroll tal-aċċess, l-ispeċifikazzjonijiet għall-ipproċessar ta' data personali għal finijiet ta' statistika u miżuri xierqa biex jissalvagwardjaw id-drittijiet u l-libertajiet tas-suġġett tad-data u jiggarantixxu l-kunfidenzjalità tal-istatistika. Finijiet ta' statistika tfisser kwalunkwe operazzjoni ta' ġbir u l-ipproċessar ta' data personali meħtieġa għal stħarriġ statistiku jew għall-produzzjoni ta' riżultati statistiċi. Dawk ir-riżultati statistiċi jistgħu jkomplu jintużaw għal finijiet differenti, inkluż għal finijiet ta' riċerka xjentifika. Il-finijiet tal-istatistika jimplika li r-riżultat ta' pproċessar għal finijiet statistiċi mhix data personali, iżda data aggregata, u li dan ir-riżultat jew din id-data personali ma tintużax fl-appoġġ ta' miżuri jew deċiżjonijiet dwar xi persuna fiżika partikolari.
(162) Where personal data are processed for statistical purposes, this Regulation should apply to that processing. Union or Member State law should, within the limits of this Regulation, determine statistical content, control of access, specifications for the processing of personal data for statistical purposes and appropriate measures to safeguard the rights and freedoms of the data subject and for ensuring statistical confidentiality. Statistical purposes mean any operation of collection and the processing of personal data necessary for statistical surveys or for the production of statistical results. Those statistical results may further be used for different purposes, including a scientific research purpose. The statistical purpose implies that the result of processing for statistical purposes is not personal data, but aggregate data, and that this result or the personal data are not used in support of measures or decisions regarding any particular natural person.
(163) L-informazzjoni kunfidenzjali li l-Unjoni u l-awtoritajiet nazzjonali tal-istatistika jiġbru għall-produzzjoni tal-istatistika uffiċjali Ewropea u dik nazzjonali għandha tiġi protetta. L-istatistika Ewropea għandha tiġi żviluppata, prodotta u mqassma f'konformità mal-prinċipji tal-istatistika kif stabbiliti fl-Artikolu 338(2) tat-TFUE, filwaqt li l-istatistika nazzjonali għandha tkun konformi wkoll mal-liġi tal-Istat Membru. Ir-Regolament (KE) Nru 223/2009 tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill (16) tipprovdi aktar speċifikazzjonijiet rigward il-kunfidenzjalità tal-istatistika għall-istatistika Ewropea.
(163) The confidential information which the Union and national statistical authorities collect for the production of official European and official national statistics should be protected. European statistics should be developed, produced and disseminated in accordance with the statistical principles as set out in Article 338(2) TFEU, while national statistics should also comply with Member State law. Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council [16] provides further specifications on statistical confidentiality for European statistics.
(16) Regolament (KE) Nru 223/2009 tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill tal-11 ta' Marzu 2009 dwar l-Istatistika Ewropea u li jħassar ir-Regolament (Euratom, KE) Nru 1101/2008 tal-Parlament Ewropew u tal-Kunsill dwar it-trażmissjoni ta' data suġġetta għall-kunfidenzjalità statistika lill-Uffiċċju tal-Istatistika tal-Komunitajiet Ewropej, ir-Regolament tal-Kunsill (KE) Nru 322/97 u d-Deċiżjoni tal-Kunsill 89/382/KEE, Euratom li tistabbilixxi Kumitat dwar il-Programmi tal-Istatistika tal-Komunitajiet Ewropej (ĠU L 87, 31.3.2009, p. 164). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:2009:087:TOC
[16] Regulation (EC) No 223/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council of 11 March 2009 on European statistics and repealing Regulation (EC, Euratom) No 1101/2008 of the European Parliament and of the Council on the transmission of data subject to statistical confidentiality to the Statistical Office of the European Communities, Council Regulation (EC) No 322/97 on Community Statistics, and Council Decision 89/382/EEC, Euratom establishing a Committee on the Statistical Programmes of the European Communities (OJ L 87, 31.3.2009, p. 164). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:2009:087:TOC
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(EN) Article 89 details the appropriate safeguards to process sensitive data for archiving, research, and statistics purposes under article 9 2) (j) and possible derogations to rights granted to individuals by the General Data Protection Regulation. There is indeed a legal exception allowing the processing of special categories of personal data. It must be provided for by a Union or Member State law and the law itself must meet certain conditions that I have already discussed in a previous commentary.
Appropriate safeguards under article 89 concern technical and organizational measures put in place by Member States and respecting the data minimization, proportionality, and necessity principles (recital 156). They may include the possibility of resorting to pseudonymization, where applicable, or further processing “which does not permit or no longer permits the identification of data subjects”. The measures involved must take into account the impact on individuals, like physical or psychological potential damages they might suffer.
Member States law may provide for derogations, in the case of scientific research, historical research or statistics, to the right of access (article 15), the right to rectification (article 16), the right to restriction of processing (article 18), and the right to object (article 21). It is possible to refuse to grant these rights to individuals only if respecting them would hinder or “seriously impair” the achievement of the desired goals, that is to say, conducting scientific or historical research or producing statistics.
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