RĠPD (GDPR)
>
Artikolu 46. Trasferimenti soġġetti għal salvagwardji xierqa
Artikolu 46 RĠPD (GDPR). Trasferimenti soġġetti għal salvagwardji xierqa
Article 46 GDPR. Transfers subject to appropriate safeguards
1. Fin-nuqqas ta’ deċiżjoni skont l-Artikolu 45(3), kontrollur jew proċessur jista’ jittrasferixxi data personali lejn pajjiż terz jew organizzazzjoni internazzjonali biss jekk il-kontrollur jew il-proċessur ikun ipprovda salvagwardji xierqa, u bil-kondizzjoni li jkunu disponibbli drittijiet infurzabbli tas-suġġett tad-data u rimedji legali effettivi għas-suġġetti tad-data.
1. In the absence of a decision pursuant to Article 45(3), a controller or processor may transfer personal data to a third country or an international organisation only if the controller or processor has provided appropriate safeguards, and on condition that enforceable data subject rights and effective legal remedies for data subjects are available.
2. Is-salvagwardji xierqa msemmija fil-paragrafu 1 jistgħu jkunu previsti, mingħajr ma jkun jinħtieġ ebda awtorizzazzjoni speċifika minn awtorità superviżorja, permezz ta’:
2. The appropriate safeguards referred to in paragraph 1 may be provided for, without requiring any specific authorisation from a supervisory authority, by:
Premessi
(108) Fin-nuqqas ta' deċiżjoni dwar l-adegwatezza, il-kontrollur jew il-proċessur għandu jieħu miżuri sabiex jikkumpensa għan-nuqqas ta' protezzjoni tad-data f'pajjiż terz permezz ta' salvagwardji adatti għas-suġġett tad-data. Tali salvagwardji adatti jistgħu jikkonsistu mill-użu ta' regoli korporattivi vinkolanti, klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data adottati mill-Kummissjoni, klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data adottati minn awtorità superviżorja jew klawżoli kuntrattwali awtorizzati minn awtorità superviżorja. Dawk is-salvagwardji għandhom jiżguraw konformità mar-rekwiżiti għall-protezzjoni tad-data u d-drittijiet tas-suġġetti tad-data adatti għall-ipproċessar fl-Unjoni, inkluż id-disponibbiltà tad-drittijiet eżegwibbli tas-suġġett tad-data u tar-rimedji legali effettivi, inkluż id-dritt li jinkiseb rimedju amministrattiv jew ġudizzjarju effettiv u li jintalab kumpens, fl-Unjoni jew f'pajjiż terz. B'mod partikolari, għandhom jirrigwardaw il-konformità mal-prinċipji ġenerali dwar l-ipproċessar tad-data personali, il-prinċipji tal-protezzjoni tad-data mid-disinn u b'mod awtomatiku. Jistgħu jsiru trasferimenti wkoll mill-awtoritajiet jew mill-korpi pubbliċi ma' awtoritajiet jew korpi pubbliċi f'pajjiżi terzi jew ma' organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali b'doveri jew funzjonijiet korrispondenti, inkluż abbażi ta' dispożizzjonijiet li jiddaħħlu f'arranġamenti amministrattivi, bħal memorandum ta' qbil, u jkunu previsti drittijiet infurzabbli u effettivi għas-suġġetti tad-data. L-awtorizzazzjoni mill-awtorità superviżorja kompetenti għandha tinkiseb meta jkun hemm provvediment għas-salvagwardji f'arranġamenti amministrattivi li ma jkunux legalment vinkolanti.
(108) In the absence of an adequacy decision, the controller or processor should take measures to compensate for the lack of data protection in a third country by way of appropriate safeguards for the data subject. Such appropriate safeguards may consist of making use of binding corporate rules, standard data protection clauses adopted by the Commission, standard data protection clauses adopted by a supervisory authority or contractual clauses authorised by a supervisory authority. Those safeguards should ensure compliance with data protection requirements and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to processing within the Union, including the availability of enforceable data subject rights and of effective legal remedies, including to obtain effective administrative or judicial redress and to claim compensation, in the Union or in a third country. They should relate in particular to compliance with the general principles relating to personal data processing, the principles of data protection by design and by default. Transfers may also be carried out by public authorities or bodies with public authorities or bodies in third countries or with international organisations with corresponding duties or functions, including on the basis of provisions to be inserted into administrative arrangements, such as a memorandum of understanding, providing for enforceable and effective rights for data subjects. Authorisation by the competent supervisory authority should be obtained when the safeguards are provided for in administrative arrangements that are not legally binding.
(109) Il-possibbiltà għall-kontrollur jew għall-proċessur li juża klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data adottati mill-Kummissjoni jew minn awtorità superviżorja la għandha tipprevjeni l-kontrolluri jew il-proċessuri milli jinkludu l-klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data f'kuntratt usa', bħal kuntratt bejn il-proċessur u proċessur ieħor, u lanqas ma għandha tipprevjenihom milli jżidu klawżoli oħrajn jew salvagwardji addizzjonali sakemm ma jikkontradixxux, b'mod dirett jew indirett, il-klawżoli kuntrattwali standard adottati mill-Kummissjoni jew minn awtorità superviżorja jew jippreġudikaw id-drittijiet jew il-libertajiet fundamentali tas-suġġetti tad-data. Il-kontrolluri u l-proċessuri għandhom jiġu mħeġġa jipprovdu salvagwardji addizzjonali permezz ta' impenji kuntrattwali li jissupplimentaw il-klawżoli ta' protezzjoni standard.
(109) The possibility for the controller or processor to use standard data-protection clauses adopted by the Commission or by a supervisory authority should prevent controllers or processors neither from including the standard data-protection clauses in a wider contract, such as a contract between the processor and another processor, nor from adding other clauses or additional safeguards provided that they do not contradict, directly or indirectly, the standard contractual clauses adopted by the Commission or by a supervisory authority or prejudice the fundamental rights or freedoms of the data subjects. Controllers and processors should be encouraged to provide additional safeguards via contractual commitments that supplement standard protection clauses.
(c) klawżoli standard ta’ protezzjoni tad-data adottati mill-Kummissjoni f’konformità mal-proċedura ta’ eżami msemmija fl-Artikolu 93(2);
(c) standard data protection clauses adopted by the Commission in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 93(2);
Linji ta 'Gwida & Ġurisprudenza
Testi relatati
EU controller to non-EU or EEA controller
EU controller to non-EU or EEA processor
(d) klawżoli standard ta’ protezzjoni tad-data adottati minn awtorità superviżorja u approvati mill-Kummissjoni skont il-proċedura ta’ eżami msemmija fl-Artikolu 93(2); jew
(d) standard data protection clauses adopted by a supervisory authority and approved by the Commission pursuant to the examination procedure referred to in Article 93(2);
(e) kodiċi ta’ kondotta approvat skont l-Artikolu 40 flimkien ma’ impenji vinkolanti u infurzabbli tal-kontrollur jew il-proċessur fil-pajjiż terz biex jiġu applikati s-salvagwardji xierqa, inkluż fir-rigward tad-drittijiet tas-suġġetti tad-data; jew
(e) an approved code of conduct pursuant to Article 40 together with binding and enforceable commitments of the controller or processor in the third country to apply the appropriate safeguards, including as regards data subjects’ rights; or
(f) mekkaniżmu approvat ta’ ċertifikazzjoni skont l-Artikolu 42 flimkien ma’ impenji vinkolanti u infurzabbli tal-kontrollur jew il-proċessur fil-pajjiż terz biex jiġu applikati s-salvagwardji xierqa, inkluż fir-rigward tad-drittijiet tas-suġġetti tad-data.
(f) an approved certification mechanism pursuant to Article 42 together with binding and enforceable commitments of the controller or processor in the third country to apply the appropriate safeguards, including as regards data subjects’ rights.
3. Soġġett għall-awtorizzazzjoni mill-awtorità superviżorja kompetenti, is-salvagwardji xierqa msemmija fil-paragrafu 1 jistgħu wkoll jiġu previsti, B’mod partikolari permezz ta’:
3. Subject to the authorisation from the competent supervisory authority, the appropriate safeguards referred to in paragraph 1 may also be provided for, in particular, by:
(a) klawżoli kuntrattwali bejn il-kontrollur jew il-proċessur u l-kontrollur, il-proċessur jew ir-riċevitur tad-data personali fil-pajjiż terz jew l-organizzazzjoni internazzjonali; jew
(a) contractual clauses between the controller or processor and the controller, processor or the recipient of the personal data in the third country or international organisation; or
(b) dispożizzjonijiet li għandhom jiddaħħlu f’arranġamenti amministrattivi bejn l-awtoritajiet jew il-korpi pubbliċi li jinkludu drittijiet infurzabbli u effettivi tas-suġġett tad-data.
(b) provisions to be inserted into administrative arrangements between public authorities or bodies which include enforceable and effective data subject rights.
4. L-awtorità superviżorja għandha tapplika l-mekkaniżmu ta’ konsistenza msemmi fl-Artikolu 63 fil-każijiet imsemmija fil-paragrafu 3 ta’ dan l-Artikolu.
4. The supervisory authority shall apply the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 63 in the cases referred to in paragraph 3 of this Article.
5. L-awtorizzazzjonijiet minn Stat Membru jew awtorità superviżorja abbażi tal-Artikolu 26(2) tad-Direttiva 95/46/KE għandhom jibqgħu validi sakemm jiġu emendati, sostitwiti jew imħassra, jekk meħtieġ, minn dik l-awtorità superviżorja. Id-deċiżjonijiet adottati mill-Kummissjoni abbażi tal-Artikolu 26(4) tad-Direttiva 95/46/KE għandhom jibqgħu fis-seħħ sakemm jiġu emendati, sostitwiti jew imħassra, jekk meħtieġ, minn Deċiżjoni tal-Kummissjoni adottata f’konformità mal-paragrafu 2 ta’ dan l-Artikolu.
5. Authorisations by a Member State or supervisory authority on the basis of Article 26(2) of Directive 95/46/EC shall remain valid until amended, replaced or repealed, if necessary, by that supervisory authority. Decisions adopted by the Commission on the basis of Article 26(4) of Directive 95/46/EC shall remain in force until amended, replaced or repealed, if necessary, by a Commission Decision adopted in accordance with paragraph 2 of this Article.
Regolament Ġenerali dwar il-Protezzjoni tad-Data (RĠPD, GDPR)
General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
The latest consolidated version of the Regulation with corrections by Corrigendum, OJ L 127, 23.5.2018, p. 2 ((EU) 2016/679). Source: EUR-lex.
ISO 27701
Premessi
Linji ta 'Gwida & Ġurisprudenza
Ħalli kumment
(108) Fin-nuqqas ta' deċiżjoni dwar l-adegwatezza, il-kontrollur jew il-proċessur għandu jieħu miżuri sabiex jikkumpensa għan-nuqqas ta' protezzjoni tad-data f'pajjiż terz permezz ta' salvagwardji adatti għas-suġġett tad-data. Tali salvagwardji adatti jistgħu jikkonsistu mill-użu ta' regoli korporattivi vinkolanti, klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data adottati mill-Kummissjoni, klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data adottati minn awtorità superviżorja jew klawżoli kuntrattwali awtorizzati minn awtorità superviżorja. Dawk is-salvagwardji għandhom jiżguraw konformità mar-rekwiżiti għall-protezzjoni tad-data u d-drittijiet tas-suġġetti tad-data adatti għall-ipproċessar fl-Unjoni, inkluż id-disponibbiltà tad-drittijiet eżegwibbli tas-suġġett tad-data u tar-rimedji legali effettivi, inkluż id-dritt li jinkiseb rimedju amministrattiv jew ġudizzjarju effettiv u li jintalab kumpens, fl-Unjoni jew f'pajjiż terz. B'mod partikolari, għandhom jirrigwardaw il-konformità mal-prinċipji ġenerali dwar l-ipproċessar tad-data personali, il-prinċipji tal-protezzjoni tad-data mid-disinn u b'mod awtomatiku. Jistgħu jsiru trasferimenti wkoll mill-awtoritajiet jew mill-korpi pubbliċi ma' awtoritajiet jew korpi pubbliċi f'pajjiżi terzi jew ma' organizzazzjonijiet internazzjonali b'doveri jew funzjonijiet korrispondenti, inkluż abbażi ta' dispożizzjonijiet li jiddaħħlu f'arranġamenti amministrattivi, bħal memorandum ta' qbil, u jkunu previsti drittijiet infurzabbli u effettivi għas-suġġetti tad-data. L-awtorizzazzjoni mill-awtorità superviżorja kompetenti għandha tinkiseb meta jkun hemm provvediment għas-salvagwardji f'arranġamenti amministrattivi li ma jkunux legalment vinkolanti.
(108) In the absence of an adequacy decision, the controller or processor should take measures to compensate for the lack of data protection in a third country by way of appropriate safeguards for the data subject. Such appropriate safeguards may consist of making use of binding corporate rules, standard data protection clauses adopted by the Commission, standard data protection clauses adopted by a supervisory authority or contractual clauses authorised by a supervisory authority. Those safeguards should ensure compliance with data protection requirements and the rights of the data subjects appropriate to processing within the Union, including the availability of enforceable data subject rights and of effective legal remedies, including to obtain effective administrative or judicial redress and to claim compensation, in the Union or in a third country. They should relate in particular to compliance with the general principles relating to personal data processing, the principles of data protection by design and by default. Transfers may also be carried out by public authorities or bodies with public authorities or bodies in third countries or with international organisations with corresponding duties or functions, including on the basis of provisions to be inserted into administrative arrangements, such as a memorandum of understanding, providing for enforceable and effective rights for data subjects. Authorisation by the competent supervisory authority should be obtained when the safeguards are provided for in administrative arrangements that are not legally binding.
(109) Il-possibbiltà għall-kontrollur jew għall-proċessur li juża klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data adottati mill-Kummissjoni jew minn awtorità superviżorja la għandha tipprevjeni l-kontrolluri jew il-proċessuri milli jinkludu l-klawżoli standard dwar il-protezzjoni tad-data f'kuntratt usa', bħal kuntratt bejn il-proċessur u proċessur ieħor, u lanqas ma għandha tipprevjenihom milli jżidu klawżoli oħrajn jew salvagwardji addizzjonali sakemm ma jikkontradixxux, b'mod dirett jew indirett, il-klawżoli kuntrattwali standard adottati mill-Kummissjoni jew minn awtorità superviżorja jew jippreġudikaw id-drittijiet jew il-libertajiet fundamentali tas-suġġetti tad-data. Il-kontrolluri u l-proċessuri għandhom jiġu mħeġġa jipprovdu salvagwardji addizzjonali permezz ta' impenji kuntrattwali li jissupplimentaw il-klawżoli ta' protezzjoni standard.
(109) The possibility for the controller or processor to use standard data-protection clauses adopted by the Commission or by a supervisory authority should prevent controllers or processors neither from including the standard data-protection clauses in a wider contract, such as a contract between the processor and another processor, nor from adding other clauses or additional safeguards provided that they do not contradict, directly or indirectly, the standard contractual clauses adopted by the Commission or by a supervisory authority or prejudice the fundamental rights or freedoms of the data subjects. Controllers and processors should be encouraged to provide additional safeguards via contractual commitments that supplement standard protection clauses.
(EN)
Documents
EDPS, Strategy for Union institutions, offices, bodies and agencies to comply with the ‘Schrems II’ Ruling (2020).
This document seeks to provide guidance as to the application of Articles 46 (2) (a) and 46 (3) (b) of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on transfers of personal data from EEA public authorities or bodies to public bodies in third countries or to international organisations, to the extent that these are not covered by an adequacy finding adopted by the European Commission.
EDPB, Government access to data in third countries (2022).
Case law
CJEU, Data Protection Commissioner/Facebook Ireland Ltd and Schrems, C-311/18 (2020).
[js-disqus]
(EN) Url-link to highlighted text was copied to the clipboard!
(EN) Preparing download...
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII controllers.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 46 GDPR:
7.5.1 Identify basis for PII transfer between jurisdictions
Control
The organization should identify and document the relevant basis for transfers of PII between jurisdictions.
Implementation guidance
PII transfer can be subject to legislation and/or regulation depending on the jurisdiction or international organization to which data is to be transferred (and from where it originates).
(EN) […]
(EN) Sign in
to read the full text