Artikolu 8 📖 RĠPD (GDPR). Kondizzjonijiet applikabbli għall-kunsens ta' minorenni fir-rigward tas-servizzi tas-soċjetà tal-informazzjoni

Artikolu 8 RĠPD (GDPR). Kondizzjonijiet applikabbli għall-kunsens ta' minorenni fir-rigward tas-servizzi tas-soċjetà tal-informazzjoni

Article 8 GDPR. Conditions applicable to child's consent in relation to information society services

1. Fejn ikun japplika l-punt (a) tal-Artikolu 6(1), fir-rigward tal-offerta ta’ servizzi tas-soċjetà tal-informazzjoni direttament lil minorenni, l-ipproċessar tad-data personali ta’ minorenni jkun skont il-liġi fejn il-minorenni jkollu mill-inqas l-età ta’ 16-il sena. Fejn il-minorenni jkollu anqas minn 16-il sena, tali pproċessar ikun legali biss jekk, u sal-punt li, il-kunsens jingħata jew jiġi awtorizzat mid-detentur tar-responsabbiltà ta’ ġenitur fuq il-minorenni.

1. Where point (a) of Article 6(1) applies, in relation to the offer of information society services directly to a child, the processing of the personal data of a child shall be lawful where the child is at least 16 years old. Where the child is below the age of 16 years, such processing shall be lawful only if and to the extent that consent is given or authorised by the holder of parental responsibility over the child.

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Documents

Article 29 Working Party, Guidelines on Consent under Regulation 2016/679 (2018).

The inclusion of the wording ‘offered directly to a child’ indicates that Article 8 is intended to apply to some, not all information society services. In this respect, if an information society service provider makes it clear to potential users that it is only offering its service to persons aged 18 or over, and this is not undermined by other evidence (such as the content of the site or marketing plans) then the service will not be considered to be ‘offered directly to a child’ and Article 8 will not apply.

Article 29 Working Party, Guidelines on transparency under Regulation 2016/679 (2018).

Where a data controller is targeting children[16] or is, or should be, aware that their goods/services are particularly utilised by children (including where the controller is relying on the consent of the child)[17], it should ensure that the vocabulary, tone and style of the language used is appropriate to and resonates with children so that the child addressee of the information recognises that the message/ information is being directed at them.[18] A useful example of child-centred language used as an alternative to the original legal language can be found in the “UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in Child Friendly Language”.[19]

Testi relatati

Artikolu 6 RĠPD (GDPR). Legalità tal-ipproċessar

Article 6 GDPR. Lawfulness of processing

1. L-ipproċessar għandu jkun legali biss jekk u safejn mill-inqas ikun japplika wieħed mill-punti li ġejjin:

1. Processing shall be lawful only if and to the extent that at least one of the following applies:

(a) is-suġġett tad-data jkun ta l-kunsens għall-ipproċessar ta’ data personali tiegħu għal fini speċifiku wieħed jew aktar;

(a) the data subject has given consent to the processing of his or her personal data for one or more specific purposes;

[…]

Guidelines on consent under Regulation 2016/679

Information society service

129. While assessing the scope of this definition, the EDPB also refers to case law of the ECJ.[62] The ECJ held that information society services cover contracts and other services that are concluded or transmitted on-line. Where a service has two economically independent components, one being the online component, such as the offer and the acceptance of an offer in the context of the conclusion of a contract or the information relating to products or services, including marketing activities, this component is defined as an information society service, the other component being the physical delivery or distribution of goods is not covered by the notion of an information society service. The online delivery of a service would fall within the scope of the term information society service in Article 8 GDPR.

_{[62] See European Court of Justice, 2 December 2010 Case C-108/09, (Ker-Optika), paragraphs 22 and 28. In relation to ‘composite services’, the EDPB also refers to Case C-434/15 (Asociacion Profesional Elite Taxi v Uber Systems Spain SL), para 40, which states that an information society service forming an integral part of an overall service whose main component is not an information society service (in this case a transport service), must not be qualified as ‘an information society service’.}

Offered directly to a child

130. The inclusion of the wording ‘offered directly to a child’ indicates that Article 8 is intended to apply to some, not all information society services. In this respect, if an information society service provider makes it clear to potential users that it is only offering its service to persons aged 18 or over, and this is not undermined by other evidence (such as the content of the site or marketing plans) then the service will not be considered to be ‘offered directly to a child’ and Article 8 will not apply.

L-Istati Membri jistgħu jipprovdu għal età inqas għal dawk il-finijiet sakemm tali età inqas ma tkunx inqas minn 13-il sena.

Member States may provide by law for a lower age for those purposes provided that such lower age is not below 13 years.

2. Il-kontrollur għandu jagħmel sforzi raġonevoli biex jivverifika f’tali każijiet li l-kunsens jingħata jew jiġi awtorizzat mid-detentur tar-responsabbiltà ta’ ġenitur fuq il-minorenni, b’kont meħud tat-teknoloġija disponibbli.

2. The controller shall make reasonable efforts to verify in such cases that consent is given or authorised by the holder of parental responsibility over the child, taking into consideration available technology.

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(EN) Example. An online gaming platform wants to make sure underage customers only subscribe to its services with the consent of their parents or guardians. The controller follows these steps:

Step 1: ask the user to state whether they are under or over the age of 16 (or alternative age of digital consent)If the user states that they are under the age of digital consent:

Step 2: service informs the child that a parent or guardian needs to consent or authorise the processing before the service is provided to the child. The user is requested to disclose the email address of a parent or guardian.

Step 3: service contacts the parent or guardian and obtains their consent via email for processing and take reasonable steps to confirm that the adult has parental responsibility.

Step 4: in case of complaints, the platform takes additional steps to verify the age of the subscriber. If the platform has met the other consent requirements, the platform can comply with the additional criteria of Article 8 GDPR by following these steps.

Source: EDPB, Guidelines on Consent under Regulation 2016/679, WP259 rev.01 (2018)

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(EN) Article 29 Working Party, Guidelines on Consent under Regulation 2016/679, WP259 rev.01 (2018):

What is reasonable, both in terms of verifying that a user is old enough to provide their own consent, and in terms of verifying that a person providing consent on behalf of a child is a holder of parental responsibility, may depend upon the risks inherent in the processing as well as the available technology. In low-risk cases, verification of parental responsibility via email may be sufficient. Conversely, in high-risk cases, it may be appropriate to ask for more proof, so that the controller is able to verify and retain the information pursuant to Article 7(1) GDPR. Trusted third party verification services may offer solutions which minimise the amount of personal data the controller has to process itself.

3. Il-paragrafu 1 ma għandux jaffettwa d-dritt ġenerali tal-Istati Membri dwar il-kuntratti bħar-regoli dwar il-validità, it-tiswir jew l-effett ta’ kuntratt fir-rigward ta’ minorenni.

3. Paragraph 1 shall not affect the general contract law of Member States such as the rules on the validity, formation or effect of a contract in relation to a child.

ISO 27701

(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII controllers.

Here is the relevant paragraph to article 8(3) GDPR:

7.2.2 Identify lawful basis

Control

The organization should determine, document and comply with the relevant lawful basis for the processing of PII for the identified purposes.

Implementation guidance

Some jurisdictions require the organization to be able to demonstrate that the lawfulness of processing was duly established before the processing.

The legal basis for the processing of PII can include:

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Regolament Ġenerali dwar il-Protezzjoni tad-Data (RĠPD, GDPR)

General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)

The latest consolidated version of the Regulation with corrections by Corrigendum, OJ L 127, 23.5.2018, p. 2 ((EU) 2016/679). Source: EUR-lex.

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Kummentarju

(EN) Children enjoy special protection under the General Data Protection Regulation as they are considered vulnerable (Guidelines on Consent). They did not indeed achieve physical and psychological maturity yet (Opinion 2/2009 on the Protection of Children’s Personal Data), so they may be less aware than adults of the risks and consequences of sharing their personal information when registering for online services or using connected platforms (recital 38).

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(EN) Author

(EN) Louis-Philippe Gratton PhD, LLM

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ISO 27701

(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII controllers.

Here is the relevant paragraph to articles 8(1) and 8(2) GDPR:

7.2.3 Determine when and how consent is to be obtained

Control

The organization should determine and document a process by which it can demonstrate if, when and how consent for the processing of PII was obtained from PII principals.

Implementation guidance

Consent can be required for processing of PII unless other lawful grounds apply. The organization should clearly document when consent needs to be obtained and the requirements for obtaining consent.

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Premessi

(38) Il-minorenni jixirqilhom protezzjoni speċifika fir-rigward tad-data personali tagħhom, minħabba li dawn jistgħu jkunu inqas konxji tar-riskji, il-konsegwenzi u s-salvagwardji u d-drittijiet tagħhom fir-rigward tal-ipproċessar ta' data personali. Tali protezzjoni speċifika għandha, b'mod partikolari, tapplika għall-użu ta' data personali tal-minorenni għall-finijiet ta' kummerċjalizzazzjoni jew biex jinħolqu profili ta' personalità jew ta' utent u l-ġbir ta' data personali fir-rigward tal-minorenni meta jsir użu minn servizzi offruti direttament lill-minorenni. Il-kunsens ta' min ikollu r-responsabbiltà ta' ġenitur m'għandux ikun meħtieġ fil-kuntest ta' servizzi preventivi jew ta' pariri offruti direttament lill-minorenni.

(38) Children merit specific protection with regard to their personal data, as they may be less aware of the risks, consequences and safeguards concerned and their rights in relation to the processing of personal data. Such specific protection should, in particular, apply to the use of personal data of children for the purposes of marketing or creating personality or user profiles and the collection of personal data with regard to children when using services offered directly to a child. The consent of the holder of parental responsibility should not be necessary in the context of preventive or counselling services offered directly to a child.

Linji ta 'Gwida & Ġurisprudenza

(EN)

Documents

Article 29 Working Party, Opinion 2/2009 on the Protection of Children’s Personal Data (General Guidelines and the Special Case of Schools) (2009).

EDPB, Guidelines 5/2020 on Consent under Regulation 2016/679 (2020).

ICO, Age Appropriate Design: A Code of Practice for Online Services (2020).

Case Law

CJEU, Data Protection Commissioner/Facebook Ireland Ltd and Schrems, C-311/18 (2020).

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