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Airteagal 1 RGCS (GDPR). Ábhar agus cuspóirí

Article 1 GDPR. Subject-matter and objectives

1. Sa Rialachán seo leagtar síos rialacha maidir le daoine nádúrtha a chosaint i ndáil le sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil agus rialacha maidir le saorghluaiseacht sonraí den sórt sin.

1. This Regulation lays down rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and rules relating to the free movement of personal data.

2. Leis an Rialachán seo, cosnaítear cearta bunúsacha agus saoirsí bunúsacha daoine nádúrtha agus go háirithe a gceart go ndéanfar sonraí pearsanta a chosaint.

2. This Regulation protects fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons and in particular their right to the protection of personal data.

3. Ní chuirfear srian le saorghluaiseacht sonraí pearsanta laistigh den Aontas ná ní chuirfear toirmeasc uirthi ar chúiseanna a bhaineann le cosaint daoine nádúrtha i ndáil le próiseáil sonraí pearsanta.

3. The free movement of personal data within the Union shall be neither restricted nor prohibited for reasons connected with the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data.

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Recitals

(1) Ceart bunúsach is ea cosaint daoine nádúrtha i ndáil le próiseáil sonraí pearsanta. In Airteagal 8(1) den Chairt um Chearta Bunúsacha an Aontais Eorpaigh (“an Chairt”) agus in Airteagal 16(1) den Chonradh ar Fheidhmiú an Aontais Eorpaigh (CFAE), foráiltear go bhfuil ag gach duine an ceart go ndéanfar na sonraí pearsanta a bhaineann leis nó léi a chosaint.

(1) The protection of natural persons in relation to the processing of personal data is a fundamental right. Article 8(1) of the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union (the ‘Charter’) and Article 16(1) of the Treaty on the Functioning of the European Union (TFEU) provide that everyone has the right to the protection of personal data concerning him or her.

(2) Ba cheart do na prionsabail agus do na rialacha maidir le cosaint daoine nádúrtha i ndáil le próiseáil a gcuid sonraí pearsanta cearta bunúsacha agus saoirsí bunúsacha na ndaoine nádúrtha sin a urramú, is cuma cén náisiúntacht atá acu nó cén áit a bhfuil cónaí orthu, go háirithe a gceart go ndéanfaí sonraí pearsanta a chosaint. Leis an Rialachán seo, tá sé beartaithe cur le limistéar saoirse, slándála agus ceartais agus aontas eacnamaíoch a bhaint amach, agus le dul chun cinn eacnamaíoch agus sóisialta, le neartú agus cóineasú na ngeilleagar laistigh den mhargadh inmheánach, agus le dea-bhail daoine nádúrtha.

(2) The principles of, and rules on the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of their personal data should, whatever their nationality or residence, respect their fundamental rights and freedoms, in particular their right to the protection of personal data. This Regulation is intended to contribute to the accomplishment of an area of freedom, security and justice and of an economic union, to economic and social progress, to the strengthening and the convergence of the economies within the internal market, and to the well-being of natural persons.

(3) Le Treoir 95/46/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle (4), féachtar le cosaint ceart bunúsach agus saoirsí bunúsacha daoine nádúrtha a chomhchuibhiú i ndáil le gníomhaíochtaí próiseála agus féachtar le saorshreabhadh sonraí pearsanta a áirithiú idir na Ballstáit.

(3) Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council [4] seeks to harmonise the protection of fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons in respect of processing activities and to ensure the free flow of personal data between Member States.

(4) Treoir 95/46/CE ó Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus ón gComhairle an 24 Deireadh Fómhair 1995 maidir le daoine aonair a chosaint i dtaca le próiseáil sonraí pearsanta agus maidir le saorghluaiseacht sonraí den sórt sin (IO L 281, 23.11.1995, lch. 31). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:1995:281:TOC

[4] Directive 95/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council of 24 October 1995 on the protection of individuals with regard to the processing of personal data and on the free movement of such data (OJ L 281, 23.11.1995, p. 31). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:1995:281:TOC

(4) Ba cheart an phróiseáil a dhéantar ar shonraí pearsanta a cheapadh ar chaoi agus go rachadh sí chun leas an duine. Ní ceart glan é an ceart go ndéanfaí sonraí pearsanta a chosaint; ní mór é a mheas i bhfianaise na feidhme atá aige sa tsochaí agus é a chothromú i gcoinne cearta bunúsacha eile, i gcomhréir le prionsabal na comhréireachta. Sa Rialachán seo urramaítear na cearta bunúsacha uile agus comhlíontar na saoirsí agus na prionsabail a aithnítear sa Chairt mar a chumhdaítear sna Conarthaí iad, go háirithe urraim ar an saol príobháideach agus saol an teaghlaigh, ar an áit chónaithe agus ar chumarsáidí, urraim ar chosaint sonraí pearsanta do dhéanamh, an tsaoirse smaoinimh, coinsiasa agus reiligiúin, an tsaoirse chun tuairimí a nochtadh agus faisnéis a fháil, an tsaoirse chun gnó a sheoladh, an ceart chun leigheas éifeachtach agus chun triail chóir a fháil, agus an ceart i leith éagsúlacht chultúrtha, reiligiúnach agus teanga.

(4) The processing of personal data should be designed to serve mankind. The right to the protection of personal data is not an absolute right; it must be considered in relation to its function in society and be balanced against other fundamental rights, in accordance with the principle of proportionality. This Regulation respects all fundamental rights and observes the freedoms and principles recognised in the Charter as enshrined in the Treaties, in particular the respect for private and family life, home and communications, the protection of personal data, freedom of thought, conscience and religion, freedom of expression and information, freedom to conduct a business, the right to an effective remedy and to a fair trial, and cultural, religious and linguistic diversity.

(5) Méadaíodh na sreabha trasteorann sonraí pearsanta go mór mar gheall ar an gcomhtháthú eacnamaíoch agus sóisialta a tharla mar thoradh ar fheidhmiú an mhargaidh inmheánaigh. Tá méadú tagtha ar an méid sonraí pearsanta a mhalartaítear idir gníomhaithe poiblí agus príobháideacha, lena n-áirítear daoine nádúrtha, comhlachais agus gnóthais ar fud an Aontais. Le dlí an Aontais iarrtar ar údaráis náisiúnta sna Ballstáit dul i gcomhar lena chéile agus sonraí pearsanta a mhalartú le go bhféadfaidh siad a ndualgais a chomhlíonadh nó cúraimí a dhéanamh thar ceann údarás i mBallstát eile.

(5) The economic and social integration resulting from the functioning of the internal market has led to a substantial increase in cross-border flows of personal data. The exchange of personal data between public and private actors, including natural persons, associations and undertakings across the Union has increased. National authorities in the Member States are being called upon by Union law to cooperate and exchange personal data so as to be able to perform their duties or carry out tasks on behalf of an authority in another Member State.

(6) Tá forbairtí meara teicneolaíocha agus an domhandú tar éis dúshláin nua a chruthú do chosaint sonraí pearsanta. Tá méadú suntasach tagtha ar bhailiú agus ar chomhroinnt sonraí pearsanta. A bhuí leis an teicneolaíocht, is féidir le cuideachtaí príobháideacha agus le húdaráis phoiblí araon sonraí pearsanta a úsáid ar scála níos mó ná riamh roimhe chun a gcuid gníomhaíochtaí a shaothrú. Tá méadú ag teacht i gcónaí ar an méid faisnéise pearsanta a chuireann daoine nádúrtha ar fáil go poiblí agus ar fud an domhain. Tá an geilleagar agus ár saol sóisialta araon athraithe ó bhonn ag an teicneolaíocht agus ba cheart, leis an teicneolaíocht, an saorshreabhadh sonraí laistigh den Aontas agus aistriú sonraí pearsanta go tríú tíortha agus go heagraíochtaí idirnáisiúnta a éascú tuilleadh freisin, agus ardleibhéal cosanta maidir le sonraí pearsanta á áirithiú ag an am céanna.

(6) Rapid technological developments and globalisation have brought new challenges for the protection of personal data. The scale of the collection and sharing of personal data has increased significantly. Technology allows both private companies and public authorities to make use of personal data on an unprecedented scale in order to pursue their activities. Natural persons increasingly make personal information available publicly and globally. Technology has transformed both the economy and social life, and should further facilitate the free flow of personal data within the Union and the transfer to third countries and international organisations, while ensuring a high level of the protection of personal data.

(7) Leis na forbairtí sin, teastaíonn creat láidir agus níos comhtháite le haghaidh cosaint sonraí san Aontas, a mbeidh forfheidhmiú láidir mar bhunús leis, i bhfianaise a thábhachtaí atá sé an mhuinín a chothú a chuirfidh ar chumas an gheilleagair dhigitigh forbairt ar fud an mhargaidh inmheánaigh. Ba cheart rialú a bheith ag daoine nádúrtha ar a gcuid sonraí pearsanta féin. Ba cheart deimhneacht dhlíthiúil agus deimhneacht phraiticiúil a fheabhsú do dhaoine nádúrtha, d'oibreoirí eacnamaíocha agus d'údaráis phoiblí.

(7) Those developments require a strong and more coherent data protection framework in the Union, backed by strong enforcement, given the importance of creating the trust that will allow the digital economy to develop across the internal market. Natural persons should have control of their own personal data. Legal and practical certainty for natural persons, economic operators and public authorities should be enhanced.

(8) I gcás ina bhforáiltear sa Rialachán seo go ndéanfar na rialacha atá ann a shonrú nó a shrianadh le dlí Ballstáit, féadfaidh na Ballstáit, a mhéid is gá sin ar mhaithe leis an gcomhchuibheas agus le go mbeidh na forálacha náisiúnta intuigthe do na daoine sin a mbeidh feidhm acu ina leith, gnéithe den Rialachán seo a ionchorprú ina ndlí náisiúnta.

(8) Where this Regulation provides for specifications or restrictions of its rules by Member State law, Member States may, as far as necessary for coherence and for making the national provisions comprehensible to the persons to whom they apply, incorporate elements of this Regulation into their national law.

(9) Tá cuspóirí agus prionsabail Threoir 95/46/CE fónta i gcónaí, ach níor éirigh léi an ilroinnt a chosc sa dóigh a gcuirtear cosaint sonraí chun feidhme ar fud an Aontais, ná níor éirigh léi an éiginnteacht dhlíthiúil a chosc ná tuiscint choiteann an phobail gurb ann do rioscaí suntasacha do dhaoine nádúrtha, go háirithe iad sin i dtaca le gníomhaíocht ar líne. Aon difríochtaí sa leibhéal cosanta do chearta agus saoirsí daoine nádúrtha, go háirithe an ceart go ndéanfaí sonraí pearsanta a chosaint, sna Ballstáit i ndáil le sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil, féadfaidh siad an saorshreabhadh sonraí pearsanta ar fud an Aontais a chosc. D'fhéadfadh na difríochtaí sin a bheith ina mbacainn ar shaothrú gníomhaíochtaí eacnamaíocha ar leibhéal an Aontais, d'fhéadfaidís an iomaíocht a shaobhadh agus bac a chur ar údaráis i gcomhlíonadh a bhfreagrachtaí faoi dhlí an Aontais. Tá difríocht den sórt sin sna leibhéil cosanta ann toisc go bhfuil difríochtaí ann sa chaoi inar cuireadh Treoir 95/46/CE chun feidhme agus i bhfeidhm.

(9) The objectives and principles of Directive 95/46/EC remain sound, but it has not prevented fragmentation in the implementation of data protection across the Union, legal uncertainty or a widespread public perception that there are significant risks to the protection of natural persons, in particular with regard to online activity. Differences in the level of protection of the rights and freedoms of natural persons, in particular the right to the protection of personal data, with regard to the processing of personal data in the Member States may prevent the free flow of personal data throughout the Union. Those differences may therefore constitute an obstacle to the pursuit of economic activities at the level of the Union, distort competition and impede authorities in the discharge of their responsibilities under Union law. Such a difference in levels of protection is due to the existence of differences in the implementation and application of Directive 95/46/EC.

(10) Chun leibhéal comhsheasmhach cosanta agus ardleibhéal cosanta a áirithiú do dhaoine nádúrtha agus chun na bacainní ar shreabhadh sonraí pearsanta laistigh den Aontas a bhaint, ba cheart an leibhéal céanna cosanta a bheith i ngach Ballstát do chearta agus saoirsí daoine nádúrtha i ndáil le próiseáil sonraí den sórt sin. Ba cheart a áirithiú go gcuirtear na rialacha maidir le cosaint ceart bunúsach agus saoirsí bunúsacha daoine nádúrtha i bhfeidhm go comhsheasmhach agus go haonchineálach ar fud an Aontais i ndáil le sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil. Maidir le sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil chun go gcomhlíonfaí oibleagáid dhlíthiúil, chun cúram a chur i gcrích a dhéantar ar mhaithe le leas an phobail nó i bhfeidhmiú údaráis oifigiúil atá dílsithe don rialaitheoir, ba cheart cead a bheith ag na Ballstáit forálacha náisiúnta a choimeád nó a thabhairt isteach chun cur i bhfeidhm na rialacha atá sa Rialachán seo a shonrú tuilleadh. I gcomhar leis an dlí ginearálta agus cothrománach maidir le cosaint sonraí lena gcuirtear Treoir 95/46/CE chun feidhme, tá roinnt dlíthe earnáil-shonracha ag na Ballstáit i réimsí ina bhfuil gá le forálacha níos sonraí. Déantar foráil sa Rialachán seo freisin go mbeadh lamháil solúbthachta ag na Ballstáit chun a rialacha a shainiú, lena n-áirítear a rialacha a shonrú maidir le catagóirí speisialta sonraí pearsanta (“sonraí íogaire”) a phróiseáil. Sa mhéid sin, ní eisiann an Rialachán seo dlí Ballstáit lena leagtar amach na dálaí le haghaidh cásanna sonracha próiseála, lena n-áirítear na coinníollacha a chinneadh ar bhealach níos cruinne faoina bhfuil an phróiseáil a dhéantar ar shonraí pearsanta dlíthiúil.

(10) In order to ensure a consistent and high level of protection of natural persons and to remove the obstacles to flows of personal data within the Union, the level of protection of the rights and freedoms of natural persons with regard to the processing of such data should be equivalent in all Member States. Consistent and homogenous application of the rules for the protection of the fundamental rights and freedoms of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data should be ensured throughout the Union. Regarding the processing of personal data for compliance with a legal obligation, for the performance of a task carried out in the public interest or in the exercise of official authority vested in the controller, Member States should be allowed to maintain or introduce national provisions to further specify the application of the rules of this Regulation. In conjunction with the general and horizontal law on data protection implementing Directive 95/46/EC, Member States have several sector-specific laws in areas that need more specific provisions. This Regulation also provides a margin of manoeuvre for Member States to specify its rules, including for the processing of special categories of personal data (‘sensitive data’). To that extent, this Regulation does not exclude Member State law that sets out the circumstances for specific processing situations, including determining more precisely the conditions under which the processing of personal data is lawful.

(11) D'fhonn sonraí pearsanta a chosaint go héifeachtach ar fud an Aontais, tá gá le cearta na n-ábhar sonraí agus oibleagáidí na ndaoine sin a dhéanann sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil, nó a chinneann an phróiseáil sin a dhéanamh, a neartú agus a leagan amach go mionsonrach, mar aon le cumhachtaí coibhéiseacha chun faireachán a dhéanamh agus chun a áirithiú go gcomhlíontar na rialacha maidir le cosaint sonraí pearsanta, agus tá gá le pionóis choibhéiseacha do sháruithe sna Ballstáit.

(11) Effective protection of personal data throughout the Union requires the strengthening and setting out in detail of the rights of data subjects and the obligations of those who process and determine the processing of personal data, as well as equivalent powers for monitoring and ensuring compliance with the rules for the protection of personal data and equivalent sanctions for infringements in the Member States.

(12) Le hAirteagal 16(2) CFAE, tugtar sainordú do Pharlaimint na hEorpa agus don Chomhairle na rialacha a leagan síos maidir le cosaint daoine nádúrtha i ndáil le sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil agus na rialacha a leagan síos maidir le saorghluaiseacht sonraí pearsanta.

(12) Article 16(2) TFEU mandates the European Parliament and the Council to lay down the rules relating to the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data and the rules relating to the free movement of personal data.

(13) Chun leibhéal comhsheasmhach cosanta a áirithiú do dhaoine nádúrtha ar fud an Aontais agus chun dibhéirseachtaí a chuireann isteach ar shaorshreabhadh sonraí pearsanta laistigh den mhargadh inmheánach a chosc, is gá Rialachán a ghlacadh chun deimhneacht dhlíthiúil agus trédhearcacht a sholáthar d'oibreoirí eacnamaíocha, lena n-áirítear micrifhiontair, fiontair bheaga agus fiontair mheánmhéide, agus chun an leibhéal céanna de chearta atá in-fhorfheidhmithe ó thaobh dlí a sholáthar do dhaoine nádúrtha sna Ballstáit uile, agus oibleagáidí agus freagrachtaí a sholáthar do rialaitheoirí agus do phróiseálaithe, chun faireachán comhsheasmhach ar phróiseáil sonraí pearsanta agus pionóis choibhéiseacha a áirithiú i ngach Ballstát chomh maith le comhar éifeachtach idir údaráis mhaoirseachta na mBallstát éagsúil. Ar mhaithe le feidhmiú cuí an mhargaidh inmheánaigh, ní chuirtear srian le saorghluaiseacht sonraí pearsanta laistigh den Aontas ná ní chuirtear toirmeasc uirthi ar chúiseanna a bhaineann le cosaint daoine nádúrtha i ndáil le sonraí pearsanta a phróiseáil. Chun cás sonrach na micrifhiontar, na bhfiontar beag agus na bhfiontar meánmhéide a chur san áireamh, áirítear sa Rialachán seo maolú maidir le heagraíochtaí a bhfuil níos lú ná 250 fostaí acu i ndáil le coimeád taifead. Ina theannta sin, moltar d'institiúidí agus comhlachtaí an Aontais, agus do na Ballstáit agus dá n-údaráis mhaoirseachta riachtanais shonracha na micrifhiontar, na bhfiontar beag agus na bhfiontar meánmhéide a chur san áireamh agus an Rialachán seo á chur i bhfeidhm. Ba cheart do choincheap na micrifhiontar, na bhfiontar beag agus na bhfiontar meánmhéide spreagadh a fháil ó Airteagal 2 den Iarscríbhinn a ghabhann le Moladh 2003/361/CE ón gCoimisiún (5).

(13) In order to ensure a consistent level of protection for natural persons throughout the Union and to prevent divergences hampering the free movement of personal data within the internal market, a Regulation is necessary to provide legal certainty and transparency for economic operators, including micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, and to provide natural persons in all Member States with the same level of legally enforceable rights and obligations and responsibilities for controllers and processors, to ensure consistent monitoring of the processing of personal data, and equivalent sanctions in all Member States as well as effective cooperation between the supervisory authorities of different Member States. The proper functioning of the internal market requires that the free movement of personal data within the Union is not restricted or prohibited for reasons connected with the protection of natural persons with regard to the processing of personal data. To take account of the specific situation of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises, this Regulation includes a derogation for organisations with fewer than 250 employees with regard to record-keeping. In addition, the Union institutions and bodies, and Member States and their supervisory authorities, are encouraged to take account of the specific needs of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises in the application of this Regulation. The notion of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises should draw from Article 2 of the Annex to Commission Recommendation 2003/361/EC [5].

(5) Moladh ón gCoimisiún an 6 Bealtaine 2003 maidir le micrifhiontair, fiontair bheaga agus mheánmhéide a shainmhíniú (C(2003) 1422) (IO L 124, 20.5.2003, lch. 36). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:2003:124:TOC

[5] Commission Recommendation of 6 May 2003 concerning the definition of micro, small and medium-sized enterprises (C(2003) 1422) (OJ L 124, 20.5.2003, p. 36). https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/AUTO/?uri=OJ:L:2003:124:TOC

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