Člen 3 📖 SUVP (GDPR). Ozemeljska veljavnost

Člen 3 SUVP (GDPR). Ozemeljska veljavnost

1. Ta uredba se uporablja za obdelavo osebnih podatkov v okviru dejavnosti sedeža upravljavca ali obdelovalca v Uniji, ne glede na to, ali obdelava poteka v Uniji ali ne.

Smernice in sodna praksa Uvodne izjave Povezana besedila

Smernice in sodna praksa

(EN)

Documents

WP29, Update of Opinion on applicable law in light of the CJEU judgement in Google Spain (2010).

Case Law

CJEU, Google Spain SL/Agencia española de protección de datos, C-131/12 (2014):

55. In the light of that objective of Directive 95/46 and of the wording of Article 4(1)(a), it must be held that the processing of personal data for the purposes of the service of a search engine such as Google Search, which is operated by an undertaking that has its seat in a third State but has an establishment in a Member State, is carried out ‘in the context of the activities’ of that establishment if the latter is intended to promote and sell, in that Member State, advertising space offered by the search engine which serves to make the service offered by that engine profitable.

56. In such circumstances, the activities of the operator of the search engine and those of its establishment situated in the Member State concerned are inextricably linked since the activities relating to the advertising space constitute the means of rendering the search engine at issue economically profitable and that engine is, at the same time, the means enabling those activities to be performed. (page 14)

CJEU, Unabhängiges Landeszentrum für Datenschutz Schleswig-Holstein/Wirtschaftsakademie Schleswig-Holstein GmbH, C-210/16 (2018):

… where an undertaking established outside the European Union has several establishments in different Member States, the supervisory authority of a Member State is entitled to exercise the powers conferred on it by Article 28(3) of that directive with respect to an establishment of that undertaking situated in the territory of that Member State even if, as a result of the division of tasks within the group, first, that establishment is responsible solely for the sale of advertising space and other marketing activities in the territory of that Member State and, second, exclusive responsibility for collecting and processing personal data belongs, for the entire territory of the European Union, to an establishment situated in another Member State. (page 14)

Uvodne izjave

(22) Vsaka obdelava osebnih podatkov v okviru dejavnosti sedeža upravljavca ali obdelovalca v Uniji bi morala biti izvedena v skladu s to uredbo, ne glede na to, ali sama obdelava poteka v Uniji. Sedež pomeni, da se dejavnosti izvajajo dejansko in učinkovito prek ustaljenih ureditev. Pravna oblika takih ureditev, bodisi prek izpostave bodisi prek podružnice, ki je pravna oseba, v tem pogledu ni odločujoči dejavnik.

(14) Varstvo, zagotovljeno s to uredbo, bi se moralo uporabljati za obdelavo osebnih podatkov posameznikov, ne glede na njihovo državljanstvo ali prebivališče. Ta uredba ne zajema obdelave osebnih podatkov glede pravnih oseb in zlasti družb, ustanovljenih kot pravne osebe, vključno z imenom in obliko ter kontaktnimi podatki pravne osebe.

Povezana besedila

2. Ta uredba se uporablja za obdelavo osebnih podatkov posameznikov, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki in ki so v Uniji, s strani upravljavca ali obdelovalca, ki nima sedeža v Uniji, kadar so dejavnosti obdelave povezane:

Povezana besedila

(a) z nudenjem blaga ali storitev takim posameznikom v Uniji, ne glede na to, ali je potrebno plačilo posameznika, na katerega se nanašajo osebni podatki, ali

Uvodne izjave Povezana besedila

Uvodne izjave

(23) Za zagotovitev, da posamezniki niso prikrajšani za varstvo, do katerega so upravičeni na podlagi te uredbe, bi se morala za obdelavo osebnih podatkov posameznikov, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki in ki so v Uniji, s strani upravljavca ali obdelovalca, ki nima sedeža v Uniji, uporabljati ta uredba, kadar so dejavnosti obdelave povezane z nudenjem blaga ali storitev takim posameznikom, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki, ne glede na to, ali so povezane s plačilom. Za ugotovitev, ali tak upravljavec ali obdelovalec nudi blago ali storitve posameznikom, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki in ki so v Uniji, bi bilo treba ugotoviti, ali je jasno, da namerava upravljavec ali obdelovalec nuditi storitve posameznikom, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki, v eni ali več državah članicah Unije. Medtem ko sama dostopnost spletne strani upravljavca, obdelovalca ali posrednika v Uniji, elektronskega naslova ali drugih kontaktnih podatkov ali uporaba jezika, ki se na splošno uporablja v tretji državi, v kateri ima upravljavec sedež, ne zadošča za ugotovitev takšnega namena, se lahko z dejavniki, kot so uporaba jezika ali valute, ki se na splošno uporablja v eni ali več državah članicah, z možnostjo naročanja blaga in storitev v tem drugem jeziku, ali navedba strank ali uporabnikov, ki so v Uniji, jasno pokaže, da želi upravljavec nuditi blago ali storitve posameznikom, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki, v Uniji.

Povezana besedila

(b) s spremljanjem njihovega vedenja, kolikor to poteka v Uniji.

Uvodne izjave Povezana besedila

Uvodne izjave

(24) Za obdelavo osebnih podatkov posameznikov, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki in ki so v Uniji, s strani upravljavca ali obdelovalca, ki nima sedeža v Uniji, bi se prav tako morala uporabljati ta uredba, kadar je obdelava povezana s spremljanjem vedenja takih posameznikov, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki, kolikor njihovo vedenje poteka v Uniji. Za ugotovitev, ali se za dejavnost obdelave lahko šteje, da spremlja vedenje posameznikov, na katere se nanašajo osebni podatki, bi bilo treba ugotoviti, ali se posameznikom sledi na internetu, kar vključuje morebitno naknadno uporabo tehnik obdelave osebnih podatkov, ki obsegajo oblikovanje profila posameznika, zlasti z namenom sprejemanja odločitev o njem oziroma za analiziranje ali predvidevanje njegovega osebnega okusa in vedenja.

Povezana besedila

3. Ta uredba se uporablja za obdelavo osebnih podatkov s strani upravljavca, ki nima sedeža v Uniji, temveč v kraju, kjer se pravo države članice uporablja na podlagi mednarodnega javnega prava.

Uvodne izjave

(25) Kadar se pravo države članice uporablja na podlagi mednarodnega javnega prava, bi se morala ta uredba uporabljati tudi za upravljavca, ki nima sedeža v Uniji, na primer v diplomatskem ali konzularnem predstavništvu države članice.

Splošna uredba o varstvu podatkov (SUVP, GDPR)

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Komentar

(EN) One of the most frequent questions asked is whether a company falls within the scope of the GDPR. It relates, among other things, to the definition of the European regulation’s territorial scope.

Here you can find a little self-assessment test:

Does the GDPR apply in these cases?

A Russian mobile application processes the geolocation data of Russian and foreign nationals in the EU.
A Belarusian dating site collects contact information from all its users. Americans and Europeans who come to Belarus and want to meet local women can also register on the site.
An Italian chain has opened a new hotel in Kyiv, where both Europeans and citizens of other countries stay. Guests registration is carried out on the Italian site, and data are processed in the head office of the management company in Italy.
An American training platform uses personal data to sell online courses around the world.
EU nationals, who are on vacation in India, came to an Austrian airline’s local office in Mumbai to fly to Bali for a couple of days. For this purpose, their passport information and bank card data were collected, as well as the information that the passengers are vegetarians.
EU users visit the site of a company from Rostov-on-Don 2-3 times a month and order flower deliveries in the city for their loved ones. The site is in Russian. Deliveries are only in Rostov. The currency of payment is the Russian ruble.

If you doubt the answers, go on reading and you will find the detailed analysis in the video lesson at the bottom of this article (in Russian).

Here are three cases, which show when it is necessary to observe the GDPR:

When data are processed in the context of the activities of an establishment in the EU. In other words, if the office is physically located in any of the EU countries and the data are processed in that office, the GDPR applies. Thus, the correct answer to the third question concerning the Italian hotel is affirmative, i.e. it is necessary to comply with the GDPR.

By the way, this paragraph does not apply only to a physical office or a registered legal entity. There are many other unobvious examples of what should be considered as the “context of the activities of an establishment”. We describe them in detail in the video.

When the data subject is in the EU and the processing relates to the supply of goods and services. In this case, “data subject” does not refer only to European citizens, but also to people from other countries who are passing through, traveling, or staying temporary in Europe. At the same time, the goods and services do not necessarily have to be paid for. For example, a free mobile app that you have downloaded.

Therefore, if, for example, a Russian citizen, being in Latvia, has used a Russian mobile application, she or he is protected by the GDPR. So the correct answer to the first question is affirmative, i.e. it is necessary to comply with the GDPR.

By the way, according to this paragraph, the GDPR also applies to other cases, which we have mentioned at the beginning of this article. For instance, in the second case, the Belarusian dating site provides a service to European citizens, as well as the American platform from the fourth case.

In comparison, in the fifth case concerning the purchase of tickets to Bali, the GDPR is not applicable, as these people have left the EU and are buying tickets in the office in India.

Do you know why in the sixth case concerning the flower delivery the GDPR does not apply, although the data of European citizens are processed? The reason is that the exception described in the recitals of the Regulation is based on a specific judicial precedent.

For more details on these recitals and court precedent, please see our video lesson.

When you monitor behaviour within the EU. These situations are rare. And that rule does not apply to any of the cases from this article. More detailed information can be found in the video.

We hope that the information was helpful. Share it with your colleagues and make sure to see our detailed video lesson below in which you will find:

A detailed explanation of the diagram “the territorial scope of the GDPR”;
Explanation of articles, recitals, judicial precedents, and clarification by the supervisory authority;
Further examples and cases from practice;
Detailed case analysis from this article.

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