第 8 條 📖 GDPR. 涉及資訊社會服務適用兒童同意之條件

Artikolu 8 RĠPD (GDPR). Kondizzjonijiet applikabbli għall-kunsens ta' minorenni fir-rigward tas-servizzi tas-soċjetà tal-informazzjoni

1. Fejn ikun japplika l-punt (a) tal-Artikolu 6(1), fir-rigward tal-offerta ta’ servizzi tas-soċjetà tal-informazzjoni direttament lil minorenni, l-ipproċessar tad-data personali ta’ minorenni jkun skont il-liġi fejn il-minorenni jkollu mill-inqas l-età ta’ 16-il sena. Fejn il-minorenni jkollu anqas minn 16-il sena, tali pproċessar ikun legali biss jekk, u sal-punt li, il-kunsens jingħata jew jiġi awtorizzat mid-detentur tar-responsabbiltà ta’ ġenitur fuq il-minorenni.

指南和案例法相关文章

指南和案例法

(EN)

Documents

Article 29 Working Party, Guidelines on Consent under Regulation 2016/679 (2018).

The inclusion of the wording ‘offered directly to a child’ indicates that Article 8 is intended to apply to some, not all information society services. In this respect, if an information society service provider makes it clear to potential users that it is only offering its service to persons aged 18 or over, and this is not undermined by other evidence (such as the content of the site or marketing plans) then the service will not be considered to be ‘offered directly to a child’ and Article 8 will not apply.

Article 29 Working Party, Guidelines on transparency under Regulation 2016/679 (2018).

Where a data controller is targeting children[16] or is, or should be, aware that their goods/services are particularly utilised by children (including where the controller is relying on the consent of the child)[17], it should ensure that the vocabulary, tone and style of the language used is appropriate to and resonates with children so that the child addressee of the information recognises that the message/ information is being directed at them.[18] A useful example of child-centred language used as an alternative to the original legal language can be found in the “UN Convention on the Rights of the Child in Child Friendly Language”.[19]

Artikolu 6 RĠPD (GDPR). Legalità tal-ipproċessar

1. L-ipproċessar għandu jkun legali biss jekk u safejn mill-inqas ikun japplika wieħed mill-punti li ġejjin:

(a) is-suġġett tad-data jkun ta l-kunsens għall-ipproċessar ta’ data personali tiegħu għal fini speċifiku wieħed jew aktar;

[…]

L-Istati Membri jistgħu jipprovdu għal età inqas għal dawk il-finijiet sakemm tali età inqas ma tkunx inqas minn 13-il sena.

2. Il-kontrollur għandu jagħmel sforzi raġonevoli biex jivverifika f’tali każijiet li l-kunsens jingħata jew jiġi awtorizzat mid-detentur tar-responsabbiltà ta’ ġenitur fuq il-minorenni, b’kont meħud tat-teknoloġija disponibbli.

專家評論指南和案例法

專家評論

(EN) Example. An online gaming platform wants to make sure underage customers only subscribe to its services with the consent of their parents or guardians. The controller follows these steps:

Step 1: ask the user to state whether they are under or over the age of 16 (or alternative age of digital consent)If the user states that they are under the age of digital consent:

Step 2: service informs the child that a parent or guardian needs to consent or authorise the processing before the service is provided to the child. The user is requested to disclose the email address of a parent or guardian.

Step 3: service contacts the parent or guardian and obtains their consent via email for processing and take reasonable steps to confirm that the adult has parental responsibility.

Step 4: in case of complaints, the platform takes additional steps to verify the age of the subscriber. If the platform has met the other consent requirements, the platform can comply with the additional criteria of Article 8 GDPR by following these steps.

Source: EDPB, Guidelines on Consent under Regulation 2016/679, WP259 rev.01 (2018)

指南和案例法

(EN) Article 29 Working Party, Guidelines on Consent under Regulation 2016/679, WP259 rev.01 (2018):

What is reasonable, both in terms of verifying that a user is old enough to provide their own consent, and in terms of verifying that a person providing consent on behalf of a child is a holder of parental responsibility, may depend upon the risks inherent in the processing as well as the available technology. In low-risk cases, verification of parental responsibility via email may be sufficient. Conversely, in high-risk cases, it may be appropriate to ask for more proof, so that the controller is able to verify and retain the information pursuant to Article 7(1) GDPR. Trusted third party verification services may offer solutions which minimise the amount of personal data the controller has to process itself.

3. Il-paragrafu 1 ma għandux jaffettwa d-dritt ġenerali tal-Istati Membri dwar il-kuntratti bħar-regoli dwar il-validità, it-tiswir jew l-effett ta’ kuntratt fir-rigward ta’ minorenni.

ISO 27701

(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII controllers.

Here is the relevant paragraph to article 8(3) GDPR:

7.2.2 Identify lawful basis

Control

The organization should determine, document and comply with the relevant lawful basis for the processing of PII for the identified purposes.

Implementation guidance

Some jurisdictions require the organization to be able to demonstrate that the lawfulness of processing was duly established before the processing.

The legal basis for the processing of PII can include:

…

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Regolament Ġenerali dwar il-Protezzjoni tad-Data (RĠPD, GDPR)

專家評論 ISO 27701 献技指南和案例法发表评论

專家評論

(EN) Children enjoy special protection under the General Data Protection Regulation as they are considered vulnerable (Guidelines on Consent). They did not indeed achieve physical and psychological maturity yet (Opinion 2/2009 on the Protection of Children’s Personal Data), so they may be less aware than adults of the risks and consequences of sharing their personal information when registering for online services or using connected platforms (recital 38).

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(EN) Author

(EN) Louis-Philippe Gratton PhD, LLM

(EN) Privacy Expert

(EN) Ask a question

ISO 27701

(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII controllers.

Here is the relevant paragraph to articles 8(1) and 8(2) GDPR:

7.2.3 Determine when and how consent is to be obtained

Control

The organization should determine and document a process by which it can demonstrate if, when and how consent for the processing of PII was obtained from PII principals.

Implementation guidance

Consent can be required for processing of PII unless other lawful grounds apply. The organization should clearly document when consent needs to be obtained and the requirements for obtaining consent.

…

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献技

(38) Il-minorenni jixirqilhom protezzjoni speċifika fir-rigward tad-data personali tagħhom, minħabba li dawn jistgħu jkunu inqas konxji tar-riskji, il-konsegwenzi u s-salvagwardji u d-drittijiet tagħhom fir-rigward tal-ipproċessar ta' data personali. Tali protezzjoni speċifika għandha, b'mod partikolari, tapplika għall-użu ta' data personali tal-minorenni għall-finijiet ta' kummerċjalizzazzjoni jew biex jinħolqu profili ta' personalità jew ta' utent u l-ġbir ta' data personali fir-rigward tal-minorenni meta jsir użu minn servizzi offruti direttament lill-minorenni. Il-kunsens ta' min ikollu r-responsabbiltà ta' ġenitur m'għandux ikun meħtieġ fil-kuntest ta' servizzi preventivi jew ta' pariri offruti direttament lill-minorenni.

指南和案例法

(EN)

Documents

Article 29 Working Party, Opinion 2/2009 on the Protection of Children’s Personal Data (General Guidelines and the Special Case of Schools) (2009).

EDPB, Guidelines 5/2020 on Consent under Regulation 2016/679 (2020).

ICO, Age Appropriate Design: A Code of Practice for Online Services (2020).

Case Law

CJEU, Data Protection Commissioner/Facebook Ireland Ltd and Schrems, C-311/18 (2020).

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