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Premessa 71

Recital 71

(71) Is-suġġett tad-data għandu jkollu d-dritt li ma jkunx soġġett għal deċiżjoni, li tista’ tinkludi miżura, li tevalwa aspetti personali relatati miegħu li hija bbażata unikament fuq ipproċessar awtomatizzat u li tipproduċi effetti legali li jikkonċernaw lilu jew li taffettwah b’mod ugwalment sinifikanti, bħal rifjut awtomatiku ta’ applikazzjoni għal kreditu online jew prattiki ta’ reklutaġġ elettroniku mingħajr l-ebda intervent tal-bniedem.

Tali pproċessar jinkludi “tfassil ta’ profili” li jikkonsisti fi kwalunkwe forma ta’ pproċessar awtomatizzat ta’ data personali li tevalwa l-aspetti personali relatati ma’ persuna fiżika, b’mod partikolari biex jiġu analizzati jew imbassrin aspetti li jikkonċernaw il-prestazzjoni fuq ix-xogħol, is-sitwazzjoni ekonomika, is-saħħa, il-preferenzi jew l-interessi personali, l-affidabbiltà jew l-imġiba, il-lokalizzazzjoni jew il-movimenti tas-suġġett tad-data, fejn dan jipproduċi effetti legali li jikkonċernaw lilu jew jaffettwah b’mod ugwalment sinifikanti.

Madankollu, it-teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet ibbażat fuq tali pproċessar, inkluż it-tfassil ta’ profili, għandu jkun permess fejn dan ikun espressament awtorizzat mil-liġi tal-Unjoni jew ta’ Stat Membru li għaliha jkun soġġett il-kontrollur, inkluż għal monitoraġġ ta’ frodi u evażjoni ta’ taxxa u għanijiet preventivi li jsiru f’konformità mar-regolamenti, l-istandards u r-rakkomandazzjonijiet tal-istituzzjonijiet tal-Unjoni jew il-korpi ta’ sorveljanza nazzjonali u biex jiġu żgurati s-sigurtà u l-affidabbiltà ta’ servizz ipprovdut mill-kontrollur, jew meħtieġ biex wieħed jidħol f’kuntratt jew jeżegwixxi kuntratt bejn is-suġġett tad-data u kontrollur, jew meta s-suġġett tad-data jkun ta l-kunsens espliċitu tiegħu.

Fi kwalunkwe każ, dan l-ipproċessar għandu jkun soġġett għal salvagwardji adatti, li għandhom jinkludu informazzjoni speċifika dwar is-suġġett tad-data u d-dritt li dan jikseb intervent uman, id-dritt li jesprimi l-fehma tiegħu, id-dritt li jikseb spjegazzjoni tad-deċiżjoni li tkun ittieħdet wara tali valutazzjoni u d-dritt li jikkontesta d-deċiżjoni.

Tali miżura m’għandhiex tikkonċerna tfal.

(71) The data subject should have the right not to be subject to a decision, which may include a measure, evaluating personal aspects relating to him or her which is based solely on automated processing and which produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her, such as automatic refusal of an online credit application or e-recruiting practices without any human intervention.

Such processing includes ‘profiling’ that consists of any form of automated processing of personal data evaluating the personal aspects relating to a natural person, in particular to analyse or predict aspects concerning the data subject’s performance at work, economic situation, health, personal preferences or interests, reliability or behaviour, location or movements, where it produces legal effects concerning him or her or similarly significantly affects him or her.

However, decision-making based on such processing, including profiling, should be allowed where expressly authorised by Union or Member State law to which the controller is subject, including for fraud and tax-evasion monitoring and prevention purposes conducted in accordance with the regulations, standards and recommendations of Union institutions or national oversight bodies and to ensure the security and reliability of a service provided by the controller, or necessary for the entering or performance of a contract between the data subject and a controller, or when the data subject has given his or her explicit consent.

In any case, such processing should be subject to suitable safeguards, which should include specific information to the data subject and the right to obtain human intervention, to express his or her point of view, to obtain an explanation of the decision reached after such assessment and to challenge the decision.

Such measure should not concern a child.

Sabiex jiġi żgurat ipproċessar ġust u trasparenti fir-rigward tas-suġġett tad-data, b’kont meħud taċ-ċirkostanzi speċifiċi u l-kuntest li fih tiġi pproċessata d-data personali, il-kontrollur għandu juża proċeduri matematiċi jew statistiċi adegwati għat-teħid ta’ profili, jimplimenta miżuri tekniċi u organizzattivi adatti biex jiġi żgurat, b’mod partikolari, li fatturi li jirriżultaw f’ineżattezzi fid-data personali jiġu kkoreġuti u jitnaqqas ir-riskju ta’ żbalji, jiżgura d-data personali f’mod li jieħu kont tar-riskji potenzjali involuti għall-interessi u d-drittijiet tas-suġġett tad-data u li jipprevjeni, fost oħrajn, effetti diskriminatorji fuq persuni fiżiċi abbażi tar-razza jew oriġini etnika, opinjoni politika, reliġjon jew twemmin, sħubija fi trade union, stat ġenetiku jew tas-saħħa jew orjentazzjoni sesswali, jew li jirriżulta f’miżuri li jkollhom dan l-effett.

It-teħid ta’ deċiżjonijiet u t-teħid ta’ profili b’mod awtomatizzat ibbażati fuq kategoriji speċjali ta’ data personali għandhom ikunu permessi biss taħt kondizzjonijiet speċifiċi.

In order to ensure fair and transparent processing in respect of the data subject, taking into account the specific circumstances and context in which the personal data are processed, the controller should use appropriate mathematical or statistical procedures for the profiling, implement technical and organisational measures appropriate to ensure, in particular, that factors which result in inaccuracies in personal data are corrected and the risk of errors is minimised, secure personal data in a manner that takes account of the potential risks involved for the interests and rights of the data subject and that prevents, inter alia, discriminatory effects on natural persons on the basis of racial or ethnic origin, political opinion, religion or beliefs, trade union membership, genetic or health status or sexual orientation, or that result in measures having such an effect.

Automated decision-making and profiling based on special categories of personal data should be allowed only under specific conditions.