VDAR (GDPR)
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28 pants. Apstrādātājs
28 pants VDAR. Apstrādātājs
Article 28 GDPR. Processor
1. Gadījumos, kad apstrāde ir jāveic pārziņa vārdā, pārzinis izmanto tikai tādus apstrādātājus, kas sniedz pietiekamas garantijas, ka tiks īstenoti atbilstoši tehniskie un organizatoriskie pasākumi tādā veidā, ka apstrādē tiks ievērotas šīs regulas prasības un tiks nodrošināta datu subjekta tiesību aizsardzība.
1. Where processing is to be carried out on behalf of a controller, the controller shall use only processors providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation and ensure the protection of the rights of the data subject.
2. Apstrādātājs bez iepriekšējas konkrētas vai vispārējas rakstiskas pārziņa atļaujas nepiesaista citu apstrādātāju. Vispārējas rakstiskas atļaujas gadījumā apstrādātājs informē pārzini par jebkādām iecerētām pārmaiņām saistībā ar papildu apstrādātāju vai apstrādātāja aizstāšanu, tādējādi sniedzot pārzinim iespēju iebilst pret šādām izmaiņām.
2. The processor shall not engage another processor without prior specific or general written authorisation of the controller. In the case of general written authorisation, the processor shall inform the controller of any intended changes concerning the addition or replacement of other processors, thereby giving the controller the opportunity to object to such changes.
3. Apstrādi, ko veic apstrādātājs, reglamentē ar līgumu vai ar citu juridisku aktu saskaņā ar Savienības vai dalībvalsts tiesību aktiem, kas ir saistošs apstrādātājam un pārzinim un kurā norāda līguma priekšmetu un apstrādes ilgumu, apstrādes raksturu un nolūku, personas datu veidu un datu subjektu kategorijas un pārziņa pienākumus un tiesības. Minētais līgums vai cits juridiskais akts jo īpaši paredz, ka apstrādātājs:
3. Processing by a processor shall be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, that is binding on the processor with regard to the controller and that sets out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purpose of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects and the obligations and rights of the controller. That contract or other legal act shall stipulate, in particular, that the processor:
a) personas datus apstrādā tikai pēc pārziņa dokumentētiem norādījumiem, tostarp saistībā ar nosūtīšanu uz trešo valsti vai starptautisku organizāciju, izņemot, ja tas ir jādara saskaņā ar Savienības vai dalībvalsts tiesību aktiem, kas piemērojami apstrādātājam, un šādā gadījumā apstrādātājs par minēto juridisko prasību informē pārzini pirms apstrādes, izņemot, ja ar attiecīgo tiesību aktu šāda informēšana ir aizliegta svarīgu sabiedrības interešu dēļ;
(a) processes the personal data only on documented instructions from the controller, including with regard to transfers of personal data to a third country or an international organisation, unless required to do so by Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject; in such a case, the processor shall inform the controller of that legal requirement before processing, unless that law prohibits such information on important grounds of public interest;
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 28(3)(a) GDPR:
8.2.2 Organization’s purposes
Control
The organization should ensure that PII processed on behalf of a customer are only processed for the purposes expressed in the documented instructions of the customer.
Implementation guidance
The contract between the organization and the customer should include, but not be limited to, the objective and time frame to be achieved by the service.
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b) nodrošina, ka personas, kuras ir pilnvarotas apstrādāt datus, ir apņēmušās ievērot konfidencialitāti vai tām ir noteikts attiecīgs likumisks pienākums ievērot konfidencialitāti;
(b) ensures that persons authorised to process the personal data have committed themselves to confidentiality or are under an appropriate statutory obligation of confidentiality;
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added a requirement additional to ISO/IEC 27002, section 13.2.4.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 28(3)(b) GDPR:
6.10.2.4 Confidentiality or non-disclosure agreements
Implementation guidance
The organization should ensure that individuals operating under its control with access to PII are subject to a confidentiality obligation. The confidentiality agreement, whether part of a contract or separate, should specify the length of time the obligations should be adhered to.
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d) ievēro 2. un 4. punktā minētos nosacījumus, saskaņā ar kuriem tiek piesaistīts cits apstrādātājs;
(d) respects the conditions referred to in paragraphs 2 and 4 for engaging another processor;
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 28(3)(d) GDPR:
8.5.7 Engagement of a subcontractor to process PII
Control
The organization should only engage a subcontractor to process PII according to the customer contract.
Implementation guidance
Where the organization subcontracts some or all of the processing of that PII to another organization, a written authorization from the customer is required prior to the PII processed by the subcontractor. This can be in the form of appropriate clauses in the customer contract, or can be a specific “one-off” agreement.
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e) ciktāl tas ir iespējams ņemot vērā apstrādes būtību, palīdz pārzinim ar atbilstīgiem tehniskiem un organizatoriskiem pasākumiem, kas nodrošina, ka pārzinis var izpildīt savu pienākumu atbildēt uz pieprasījumiem par III nodaļā paredzēto datu subjekta tiesību īstenošanu;
(e) taking into account the nature of the processing, assists the controller by appropriate technical and organisational measures, insofar as this is possible, for the fulfilment of the controller’s obligation to respond to requests for exercising the data subject’s rights laid down in Chapter III;
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 28(3)(e) GDPR:
8.3.1 Obligations to PII principals
Control
The organization should provide the customer with the means to comply with its obligations related to PII principals.
Implementation guidance
A PII controller’s obligations can be defined by legislation, by regulation and/or by contract. These obligations can include matters where the customer uses the services of the organization for implementation of these obligations.
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f) palīdz pārzinim nodrošināt 32. līdz 36. pantā minēto pienākumu izpildi, ņemot vērā apstrādes veidu un apstrādātājam pieejamo informāciju;
(f) assists the controller in ensuring compliance with the obligations pursuant to Articles 32 to 36 taking into account the nature of processing and the information available to the processor;
g) pēc apstrādes pakalpojumu sniegšanas pabeigšanas pēc pārziņa izvēles dzēš vai atdod visus personas datus un dzēš esošās kopijas, ja vien Savienības vai dalībvalsts tiesību aktos nav paredzēta personas datu glabāšana;
(g) at the choice of the controller, deletes or returns all the personal data to the controller after the end of the provision of services relating to processing, and deletes existing copies unless Union or Member State law requires storage of the personal data;
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 28(3)(g) GDPR:
8.4.2 Return, transfer or disposal of PII
Control
The organization should provide the ability to return, transfer and/or disposal of PII in a secure manner. It should also make its policy available to the customer.
Implementation guidance
At some point in time, PII can need to be disposed of in some manner. This can involve returning the PII to the customer, transferring it to another organization or to a PII controller (e.g. as a result of a merger), deleting or otherwise destroying it, de-identifying it or archiving it.
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h) pārzinim dara pieejamu visu informāciju, kas nepieciešama, lai apliecinātu, ka tiek pildīti šajā pantā paredzētie pienākumi, un lai ļautu pārzinim vai citam pārziņa pilnvarotam revidentam veikt revīzijas, tostarp pārbaudes, un sniegtu tajās ieguldījumu.
(h) makes available to the controller all information necessary to demonstrate compliance with the obligations laid down in this Article and allow for and contribute to audits, including inspections, conducted by the controller or another auditor mandated by the controller.
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraphs to article 28(3)(h) GDPR:
8.2.4 Infringing instruction
Control
The organization should inform the customer if, in its opinion, a processing instruction infringes applicable legislation and/or regulation.
Implementation guidance
The organization’s ability to verify if the instruction infringes legislation and/or regulation can depend on the technological context, on the instruction itself, and on the contract between the organization and the customer.
8.2.5 Customer obligations
Control
The organization should provide the customer with the appropriate information such that the customer can demonstrate compliance with their obligations.
Implementation guidance
The information needed by the customer can include whether the organization allows for and contributes to audits conducted by the customer or another auditor mandated or otherwise agreed by the customer.
Attiecībā uz pirmās daļas h) apakšpunktu apstrādātājs nekavējoties informē pārzini, ja, viņaprāt, kāds norādījums pārkāpj šo regulu vai citus Savienības vai dalībvalstu datu aizsardzības noteikumus.
With regard to point (h) of the first subparagraph, the processor shall immediately inform the controller if, in its opinion, an instruction infringes this Regulation or other Union or Member State data protection provisions.
4. Ja apstrādātājs ar līgumu vai citu juridisku aktu saskaņā ar Savienības vai dalībvalsts tiesību aktiem piesaista citu apstrādātāju konkrētu apstrādes darbību veikšanai pārziņa vārdā, šim citam apstrādātājam nosaka tos pašus datu aizsardzības pienākumus, kas noteikti līgumā vai citā juridiskā aktā, kas noslēgts starp pārzini un apstrādātāju, kā minēts 3. punktā, jo īpaši pietiekami garantējot, ka tiks īstenoti piemēroti tehniskie un organizatoriskie pasākumi tādā veidā, lai apstrādē tiktu ievērotas šajā regulā noteiktās prasības. Ja minētais cits apstrādātājs nepilda savus datu aizsardzības pienākumus, sākotnējais apstrādātājs paliek pilnībā atbildīgs pārzinim par šā cita apstrādātāja pienākumu izpildi.
4. Where a processor engages another processor for carrying out specific processing activities on behalf of the controller, the same data protection obligations as set out in the contract or other legal act between the controller and the processor as referred to in paragraph 3 shall be imposed on that other processor by way of a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, in particular providing sufficient guarantees to implement appropriate technical and organisational measures in such a manner that the processing will meet the requirements of this Regulation. Where that other processor fails to fulfil its data protection obligations, the initial processor shall remain fully liable to the controller for the performance of that other processor’s obligations.
ISO 27701
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraph to article 28(4) GDPR:
8.5.6 Disclosure of subcontractors used to process PII
Control
The organization should disclose any use of subcontractors to process PII to the customer before use.
Implementation guidance
Provisions for the use of subcontractors to process PII should be included in the customer contract.
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5. Apstrādātāja atbilstību apstiprinātam rīcības kodeksam, kā minēts 40. pantā, vai apstiprinātam sertifikācijas mehānismam, kā minēts 42. pantā, var izmantot kā elementu, ar ko apliecina šā panta 1. un 4. punktā minētās pietiekamās garantijas.
5. Adherence of a processor to an approved code of conduct as referred to in Article 40 or an approved certification mechanism as referred to in Article 42 may be used as an element by which to demonstrate sufficient guarantees as referred to in paragraphs 1 and 4 of this Article.
6. Neskarot atsevišķu līgumu starp pārzini un apstrādātāju, šā panta 3. un 4. punktā minēto līgumu vai citu juridisku aktu var pilnībā vai daļēji balstīt uz šā panta 7. un 8. punktā minētajām līguma standartklauzulām, tostarp ja tās ir daļa no sertifikāta, kurš pārzinim vai apstrādātājam piešķirts saskaņā ar 42. un 43. pantu.
6. Without prejudice to an individual contract between the controller and the processor, the contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 of this Article may be based, in whole or in part, on standard contractual clauses referred to in paragraphs 7 and 8 of this Article, including when they are part of a certification granted to the controller or processor pursuant to Articles 42 and 43.
7. Komisija var izstrādāt līguma standartklauzulas šā panta 3. un 4. punktā minētajiem jautājumiem saskaņā ar pārbaudes procedūru, kas minēta 93. panta 2. punktā.
7. The Commission may lay down standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the examination procedure referred to in Article 93(2).
8. Uzraudzības iestāde var pieņemt līguma standartklauzulas šā panta 3. un 4. punktā minētajiem jautājumiem saskaņā ar konsekvences mehānismu, kas minēts 63. pantā.
8. A supervisory authority may adopt standard contractual clauses for the matters referred to in paragraph 3 and 4 of this Article and in accordance with the consistency mechanism referred to in Article 63.
9. Šā panta 3. un 4. punktā minētais līgums vai cits juridiskais akts ir sagatavots rakstiskā formā, tostarp elektroniski.
9. The contract or the other legal act referred to in paragraphs 3 and 4 shall be in writing, including in electronic form.
10. Neskarot 82., 83. un 84. pantu – ja apstrādātājs pārkāpj šo regulu, nosakot apstrādes nolūkus un līdzekļus, apstrādātāju uzskata par pārzini attiecībā uz minēto apstrādi.
10. Without prejudice to Articles 82, 83 and 84, if a processor infringes this Regulation by determining the purposes and means of processing, the processor shall be considered to be a controller in respect of that processing.
Vispārīgā datu aizsardzības regula (VDAR)
General Data Protection Regulation (EU GDPR)
The latest consolidated version of the Regulation with corrections by Corrigendum, OJ L 127, 23.5.2018, p. 2 ((EU) 2016/679). Source: EUR-lex.
Ekspertu komentāri
ISO 27701
Apsvērums
Vadlīnijas & Case Law
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(EN) A processor is a person or an organization that processes personal data on behalf and under the authority of a controller [Articles 4(8) and 28(1)]. The term used in the English text of the General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) remains difficult to apprehend by a non-legal audience, so it is useful to turn to other linguistic versions for a better understanding.
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(EN) Author
(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added a requirement additional to ISO/IEC 27001, section 4.1.
Here is the relevant paragraph to articles 28(5), 28(6), and 28(10) GDPR:
5.2.1 Understanding the organization and its context
The organization shall include among its interested parties (see ISO/IEC 27001:2013, 4.2), those parties having interests or responsibilities associated with the processing of PII, including the PII principals.
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(81) Lai nodrošinātu atbilstību šīs regulas prasībām saistībā ar apstrādi, kas apstrādātājam jāveic pārziņa vārdā, kad apstrādātājam tiek uzticēts veikt apstrādes darbības, pārzinim būtu jāizmanto vienīgi tādi apstrādātāji, kuri sniedz pietiekamas garantijas, jo īpaši speciālo zināšanu, uzticamības un līdzekļu ziņā, tādu tehnisko un organizatorisko pasākumu īstenošanai, kuri atbildīs šīs regulas prasībām, tostarp apstrādes drošības jomā. Apstrādātāja atbilstību apstiprinātam rīcības kodeksam vai apstiprinātam sertifikācijas mehānismam var izmantot kā elementu, ar ko uzskatāmi parāda pārziņa pienākumu izpildi. Apstrāde, ko veic apstrādātājs, būtu jāreglamentē ar līgumu vai citu juridisku aktu atbilstīgi Savienības vai dalībvalsts tiesību aktiem, kas saista apstrādātāju ar pārzini; minētajā aktā būtu jāizklāsta apstrādes priekšmets un ilgums, apstrādes raksturs un nolūki, personas datu veids un datu subjektu kategorijas, ņemot vērā konkrētos apstrādātāja uzdevumus un pienākumus saistībā ar veicamo apstrādi un risku datu subjekta tiesībām un brīvībām. Pārzinis un apstrādātājs var izvēlēties izmantot atsevišķu līgumu vai līguma standartklauzulas, ko pieņem vai nu tieši Komisija, vai uzraudzības iestāde saskaņā ar konsekvences mehānismu un pēc tam Komisija. Pēc tam, kad apstrāde pārziņa vārdā ir pabeigta, apstrādātājam pēc pārziņa izvēles personas dati būtu jāatdod atpakaļ vai jādzēš, ja vien nav prasīts personas datus uzglabāt saskaņā ar Savienības vai dalībvalsts tiesību aktiem, kas piemērojami apstrādātājam.
(81) To ensure compliance with the requirements of this Regulation in respect of the processing to be carried out by the processor on behalf of the controller, when entrusting a processor with processing activities, the controller should use only processors providing sufficient guarantees, in particular in terms of expert knowledge, reliability and resources, to implement technical and organisational measures which will meet the requirements of this Regulation, including for the security of processing. The adherence of the processor to an approved code of conduct or an approved certification mechanism may be used as an element to demonstrate compliance with the obligations of the controller. The carrying-out of processing by a processor should be governed by a contract or other legal act under Union or Member State law, binding the processor to the controller, setting out the subject-matter and duration of the processing, the nature and purposes of the processing, the type of personal data and categories of data subjects, taking into account the specific tasks and responsibilities of the processor in the context of the processing to be carried out and the risk to the rights and freedoms of the data subject. The controller and processor may choose to use an individual contract or standard contractual clauses which are adopted either directly by the Commission or by a supervisory authority in accordance with the consistency mechanism and then adopted by the Commission. After the completion of the processing on behalf of the controller, the processor should, at the choice of the controller, return or delete the personal data, unless there is a requirement to store the personal data under Union or Member State law to which the processor is subject.
(EN)
Case Law
CJEU, Tietosuojavaltuutettu/Jehovan todistajat – uskonnollinen yhdyskunta (Jehovah’s Witnesses case), Opinion of Advocate General, C‑25/17 (2018).
CJEU, Tietosuojavaltuutettu/Jehovan todistajat – uskonnollinen yhdyskunta (Jehovah’s Witnesses case), C‑25/17 (2018).
Documents
Article 29 Working Party, Opinion 1/2010 on the concepts of “controller” and “processor” (2010).
EDPB, Guidelines on the Concepts of Controller, Processor and Joint Controllership Under Regulation (EU) 2018/1725 (2019).
EDPB, Opinion 14/2019 on the draft Standard Contractual Clauses submitted by the DK SA (Article 28(8) GDPR) (2019).
EDPB, Guidelines 7/2020 on the Concepts of Controller and Processor in the GDPR (2021).
CNIL, Guide for processors (2017) – Guidelines from the French Supervisory Authority that includes the template of Data Processing Agreement between controllers and processors.
Denmark Supervisory Authority, DK SA Standard Contractual Clauses for the purposes of compliance with art. 28 GDPR (2020).
DPC (Ireland), Guidance for Individuals who Accidentally Receive Personal data (2020).
ICO, Right of Access (2020).
ICO, Data sharing: a code of practice (2020).
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(EN) ISO/IEC 27701, adopted in 2019, added additional ISO/IEC 27002 guidance for PII processors.
Here is the relevant paragraphs to article 28(2) GDPR:
8.5.6 Disclosure of subcontractors used to process PII
Control
The organization should disclose any use of subcontractors to process PII to the customer before use.
Implementation guidance
Provisions for the use of subcontractors to process PII should be included in the customer contract.
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